Despite the correspondence of the trends, the rate ratio of death from PLC between the two areas is not constant and tends to rise uniformly by age, learn more birth cohort, and period of time: in 2002, the rate ratio of death was 1.40 [confidence

interval (CI): 1.15-1.70] at 40 years old, 1.73 (CI: 1.55-1.93) at 60 years old, and 2.14 (CI: 1.92-2.38) at 80 years old. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 19: 417-423 (c) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“Background: Neurodegeneration induced by misfolded tau protein and neuroinflammation represent the major hallmarks of human tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While tau driven neurodegeneration significantly correlates

with disease progression, inflammation is considered to be an important factor regulating the resistance or susceptibility to AD. The emerging evidence suggests that the genes related to immunity can influence neurodegeneration. Objective: In order to determine CYT387 chemical structure the role of MHC class II in the tau neurofibrillary cascade, we generated and used transgenic lines expressing human truncated tau protein in either spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) or Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) genetic background. Methods: Brains of WKY and SHR transgenic rats and their age-matched nontransgenic littermates were examined by immunohistochemistry and RTPCR. Results: Our results clearly showed that genetic background

determined the inflammatory pattern (MHC class II) induced by tau neurodegenerative cascade in the transgenic rats expressing human misfolded truncated tau. Conclusion: Using two transgenic rat lines with different MX69 purchase immunogenetic backgrounds, expressing the same transgene, we conclude that genetic background is a potent modifier of the type of the immune response induced by tau neurodegeneration. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is extremely rarely supplied by the artery passing through the hypoglossal canal. This anomalous artery can arise from the cervical internal carotid artery or ascending pharyngeal artery (APA). We present what we believe is the first report of PICA supplied by the jugular branch of the APA that passes through the medial side of the jugular foramen pars vascularis, diagnosed using magnetic resonance angiography. To avoid ischemic brain complications during head and neck surgeries and interventional radiologic procedures, preoperative recognition of anomalously originating pial arteries from the APA is important.”
“Reaction of condensed (flavonoid) mimosa tannin extracts with concentrated aqueous ammonia has been investigated. For that purpose, catechin was also used as a flavonoid model compound and treated in similar conditions.

90). Convergent validity was established

from moderate to high (r > 0.50) correlation with symptom burden, life satisfaction (ladder of life), and SF-36v2 scales scores. Mean HCV-PRO scores differentiated between currently treated patients, those previously treated, and patients never treated (p < 0.01), suggesting strong known-groups validity.

The results provide initial evidence that the HCV-PRO can yield reliable https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Neratinib(HKI-272).html and valid measurement of the effects of HCV and its treatment on the well-being and function of HCV-infected patients.”
“Study Design. Technique note. Objective. To describe a modified minimally invasive approach for the treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD).

Summary of the Background Data. Currently, the most frequently used route for the treatment of this website symptomatic IAAD is transoral-transpharyngeal approach. Although it provides the most direct route to the atlantoaxial joint, potential problems may arise because of traverse oral cavity, such as the potential risks of infection, postoperative disturbances of breathing, and swallowing. The aim of this study was to describe a less-invasive approach for IAAD.

Methods. Four consecutive patients with IAAD underwent the combined video-assisted atlantoaxial transcervical release (VAAT) procedure and posterior occipital-cervical fusion or C1-C2 screw fixation at Tongji Hospital.

Clinical characteristics, images data, operative variables, and follow-up data were recorded.

Results. Four cases presented with signs and symptoms of spinal cord dysfunction caused by IAAD underwent 1-stage anterior release, reduction, and posterior fixation. Three cases received C1-C2 screw fixation, and 1 case with occipitocervical fixation. Postoperative imaging studies showed that complete decompression was achieved in all the cases. No systemic infections, cerebrospinal fluid

leaks, or adverse neurologic sequelae were found. None of the patients required prolonged intubation, tracheostomy, or enteral tube feeding. All patients started to oral intake after anesthesia. Neurologic status in 1 case remained at baseline whereas it improved in the others. The mean follow-up period was 9 months (6 similar to Silmitasertib cell line 12 months). All cases achieved solid fusion, without implants failure.

Conclusion. Our initial experience showed that the VAAT procedure for IAAD is a safe supplement and alternative to conventional and transcervical procedures.”
“The aim of this study was to document the self-perception of initial symptoms of and factors triggering epileptic seizures in a sample of people with epilepsy (PWE) and their carers. Among 600 participants. questionnaires were returned by 309 (51.5%), of whom 72.8% were PWE and 27.2% were carers and others. Experiencing at least one symptom prior to a seizure was reported by 86.9% of PWE and 74% of caters.

Methods A total of 5,322 adolescents completed the TQOLQA, MASC-T, and the questionnaire for

socio-demographic characteristics without omission. The associations of the QOL on the TQOLQA NU7026 supplier with the severity of anxiety symptoms on the total MASC-T and socio-demographic characteristics were examined using multiple regression analysis. The moderating effects of socio-demographic characteristics on the association between QOL and anxiety symptoms were also examined.

Results After controlling for the effects of socio-demographic characteristics, more severe anxiety symptoms on the total MASC-T were significantly associated with poorer QOL in all seven domains of QOL on the TQOLQA. Meanwhile, socio-demographic characteristics had moderating effects on the associations between some domains

of QOL and anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions Anxiety symptoms require intervention when developing strategies to improve the QOL of adolescents. Meanwhile, clinicians should take socio-demographic characteristics into consideration when working on QOL issues and anxiety symptoms in adolescents.”
“A strain k center dot p model is used to investigate lattice temperature dependence of the piezoresistivity of p-doped silicon nanobeams in the range of 100-600 K, based on the self-consistent solution to the coupled Schroumldinger-Poisson equations. According to quasiharmonic approximation, an analytical semicontinuum atomistic lattice model GDC-0973 ic50 is presented to describe

the effect of size and temperature on elastic constants of the silicon nanobeam by using the anharmonic Keating model. The result presented here indicates the piezoresistive coefficient of the silicon nanobeam, which is dependent 5-Fluoracil on quantum confinement effects, has a negative and nonlinear temperature coefficient. A quantitative comparison of the piezoresistive coefficients calculated with and without considering the elastic constant correction shows that it is crucial to incorporate the size-dependent elastic constant correction in order to quantify the piezoresistivity.”
“Successful implantation of an embryo into the uterus requires synchrony between the blastocyst and the endometrium. Endometrial preparedness, or receptivity, occurs only for a very short time during the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle in fertile women. Failure to achieve receptivity results in infertility and is a rate-limiting step for IVF success. Frozen embryo transfer in non-stimulation cycles is already improving live birth rates. However, an important tool that is missing in the armoury of reproductive specialists is a means to rapidly assess endometrial receptivity, either during initial assessment or immediately prior to embryo transfer.

“
“The SIRT1 enzyme is involved in adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis. FOXO1 is a protein that plays a significant role in regulating metabolism. Adiponectin is an adipokine, secreted

by the AT, which has been considered Selleckchem JQ1 to have an antiobesity function. PPAR gamma is one of the key actors in adipocytes differentiation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether resveratrol can regulate SIRT1, FOXO1, adiponectin, PPAR gamma 1-3, and PPAR beta/delta in human AT.

The effects of resveratrol were analyzed in freshly isolated adipocytes prepared from visceral fat tissue samples obtained during bariatric surgery. Genes messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were determined by qRT-PCR.

Ours results show that resveratrol modulates the studied genes, increasing SIRT1 (p = 0.021), FOXO1 (p = 0.001), and adiponectin

(p = 0.025) mRNA expression and decreasing PPAR gamma 1-3 (p = 0.003) mRNA in human visceral adipocytes.

Resveratrol, in vitro and at low concentration, modulates Nirogacestat in vitro genes that are related to lipid metabolism, possibly preventing metabolic disease in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT).”
“Background: Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) is a putative obesity gene. Our aim was to examine the expression of AIF-1 in human white adipose tissue (WAT) in relation to obesity and metabolic phenotypes in women.

Methods: WAT secretion of AIF-1 was determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue pieces in vitro by ELISA from 5 subjects. mRNA expression of AIF-1 was determined by RT-qPCR in the isolated cell fractions of adipose tissue (n = 5-6

per group), in subcutaneous and visceral WAT pieces from non-obese (n = 12) and obese women (n = 23), and in some subcutaneous WAT also before and after weight reduction (n = 10). Finally, adipose AIF-1 mRNA was related to metabolic phenotypes in 96 subjects with a wide range of BMI.

Results: AIF-1 was secreted in a time dependent fashion from WAT. The major source of AIF-1 was WAT resident macrophages. Expression of AIF-1 was similar in visceral and subcutaneous WAT and was two-fold increased in obese women (P < 0.01). AIF-1 mRNA expression levels were normalized after weight reduction (P < 0.01). Expression of AIF-1 was inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity as assessed by insulin tolerance test (KITT), and circulating levels of adiponectin (P = 0.02), and positively correlated with SB203580 in vitro insulin resistance as estimated by HOMA (=0.0042).

Conclusions: AIF-1 is a novel adipokine produced mainly by macrophages within human WAT. Its expression is increased in obese women and associates with unfavourable metabolic phenotypes. AIF-1 may play a paracrine role in the regulation of WAT function through cross-talk between macrophages and other cell types within the adipose tissue.”
“Background: Some authors have shown that tongue lesions represent an important segment of oral mucosal lesions group, with prevalence varying among epidemiologic studies from different countries.

“
“This in vitro experimental Tariquidar inhibitor study has been designed to assess the effects of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) on human keratinocytes proliferation. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) monolayers (similar to 0.5 cm(2)) have been irradiated with 635 nm red laser light with a fluence of 82.5 or 112.5 J/cm(2) in the absence or presence of toluidine (TB). Cell proliferation, monolayer area coverage, cytokeratin

5 (K5) and filaggrin (Fil) expression, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity were measured after 72 h from laser irradiation. HaCaT proliferation was reduced by TB staining. Cell exposure to both low- and high-fluence laser irradiation in both presence and absence of TB staining reduced their proliferation and monolayer area extension. Moreover both laser treatments were able to reduce K5 and Fil expression and MMP-9 production in keratinocytes not treated with TB. These data indicate that PACT could exert toxic effects on normal proliferating keratinocytes present around parodontal pockets. The observed reduced cell proliferation along with a reduced production of enzymes involved in wound healing could alter the clinical outcome of the MEK162 order patients treated with PACT.”
“Background-New

anticoagulants may improve health outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation, but it is unclear whether their use is cost-effective.

Methods and Results-A Markov state transition was created to compare 4 therapies: dabigatran 150 mg BID, apixaban 5 mg BID, rivaroxaban 20 mg QD, and warfarin therapy. The population included those with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation who were eligible for treatment with warfarin. Compared with warfarin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran, costs were $93 063, $111 465, and $140 557 per additional quality-adjusted life year gained, respectively. SN-38 DNA Damage inhibitor At a threshold of $100 000 per quality-adjusted life year, apixaban

provided the greatest absolute benefit while still being cost-effective, although warfarin would be superior if apixaban was 2% less effective than expected. Although apixaban was the optimal strategy in our base case, in probabilistic sensitivity analysis, warfarin was optimal in an equal number of iterations at a cost-effectiveness threshold of $100 000 per quality-adjusted life year.

Conclusions-While at a standard cost-effectiveness threshold of $100 000 per quality-adjusted life year, apixaban seems to be the optimal anticoagulation strategy; this finding is sensitive to assumptions about its efficacy and cost. In sensitivity analysis, warfarin seems to be the optimal choice in an equal number of simulations. As a result, although all the novel oral anticoagulants produce greater quality-adjusted life expectancy than warfarin, they may not represent good value for money.

Methods and Results-Ninety-eight endothelial cell samples from 13 discrete coronary and noncoronary arterial

regions of varying susceptibilities to atherosclerosis were isolated from 76 normal swine. Transcript profiles were analyzed to determine the steady-state in vivo endothelial phenotypes. An unsupervised systems selleck biology approach using weighted gene coexpression networks showed highly correlated endothelial genes. Connectivity network analysis identified 19 gene modules, 12 of which showed significant association with circulatory bed classification. Differential expression of 1300 genes between coronary and noncoronary artery endothelium suggested distinct coronary endothelial FK228 phenotypes, with highest significance expressed in gene modules enriched for biological functions related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein binding, regulation

of transcription and translation, and redox homeostasis. Furthermore, within coronary arteries, comparison of endothelial transcript profiles of susceptible proximal regions to protected distal regions suggested the presence of ER stress conditions in susceptible sites. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species throughout coronary endothelium was greater than in noncoronary endothelium consistent with coronary artery ER stress and lower endothelial expression AZD1480 mw of antioxidant genes in coronary arteries.

Conclusions-Gene

connectivity analyses discriminated between coronary and noncoronary endothelial transcript profiles and identified differential transcript levels associated with increased ER and oxidative stress in coronary arteries consistent with enhanced susceptibility to atherosclerosis. (Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2011;4:243-252.)”
“Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) frequently require cross-sectional imaging. Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is an accurate tool for assessment of bowel disease and of various complications of CD. The lack of non-ionizing radiation exposure is an important advantage of this imaging modality. Familiarity with common and pathognomonic imaging features of CD is essential for every clinician that is involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients care.

This review is aimed to describe the indications for performing MRE in CD, essentials of MRE techniques and typical radiological findings in patients with CD to aid the IBD doctor in daily practice. (C) 2012 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“We present the synthesis and magnetic properties of multifunctional CoPtAu alloy nanoparticles of three compositions, Co(0.33)Pt(0.33)Au(0.33), Co(0.2)Pt(0.2)Au(0.6), and Co(0.4)Pt(0.4)Au(0.2), by a modified polyol process.

vivax-infected individuals as compared to healthy

controls. The IFN-gamma levels in primoinfected patients were significantly higher than in patients who had suffered only one and more than one previous episode. The mutant alleles of both IFN-gamma and learn more IL-10 genes were more frequent than the wild allele. In the case of the IFNG+874 polymorphism (IFN-gamma) the frequencies of the mutant (A) and wild (T) alleles were 70.13% and 29.87%, respectively. Similar frequencies were recorded in IL-10-1082, with the mutant (A) allele returning a frequency of 70.78%, and the wild (G) allele a frequency of 29.22%. The frequencies of the alleles associated with reduced production of both IFN-gamma and IL-10 were high, but this effect was only observed in the production of IFNgamma.

Conclusions: This study has shown evidence of reciprocal regulation of the levels of IL-10 and IFN-gamma cytokines in P. vivax malaria, which is not altered by the presence of polymorphism in the IL-10 gene.”
“A 39-year-old man with idiopathic monomorphic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), exhibiting a right bundle branch block

and inferior axis selleck products QRS morphology, underwent electrophysiological testing. After a radiofrequency (RF) application to the anterior mitral annulus (MA) eliminated the spontaneous PVC morphology, a second PVC morphology occurred. Pacing from the first ablation site exhibited an excellent match to the second PVCs with a long stimulus to QRS interval. An RF application delivered near the first lesion eliminated all PVCs. The MA PVCs in this case exhibited a single origin with multiple breakouts and preferential conduction that were unmasked by RF ablation. (PACE 2012; 35:e112e115)”
“The effect of wastewater fed to rats following treatment with a 2.5% ( w/v) methanolic crude extract of Bridelia ferruginea for different times ( 0 to 96 h) was investigated. Kidneys of rats fed with the treated wastewater was subjected to histological

examination and compared to negative ( rats given wastewater treated with methanol alone), this website positive ( rats given untreated wastewater alone) and standard ( rats given sterile distilled water alone) control groups. Histopathological findings revealed extensive damage in the tissues of rats assigned to the negative, positive and B. ferruginea extract-treated groups. However, no damage was observed in the tissues of the standard control group. The potential efficacy and the toxicological renal effects of B. ferruginea extract-treated wastewater is discussed.”
“Persistent diarrhea is commonly observed after solid organ transplantation (SOT). A few cases of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-induced duodenal villous atrophy (DVA) have been previously reported in kidney-transplant patients with chronic diarrhea. Herein, we report on the incidence and characteristics of DVA in SOT patients with chronic diarrhea.

Platelet dysfunction has been implicated as a central contributor to the increased risk of coronary artery disease in patients with DM, and it is not surprising that the anti-platelet agent, clopidogrel, has been shown to have efficacy in both short and long term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, accumulating data suggest a clinically relevant sub-optimal clopidogrel response in some patients with DM. The exact mechanism of these observations is not yet fully understood, but appears to be related to reduced concentrations of circulating clopidogrel active metabolite, with less variability in pharmacodynamic and clinical

response suggested Selleck SB203580 by the evaluation of newer P2Y(12) antagonists, such as prasugrel SNX-5422 ic50 and ticagrelor. More research is needed to better

understand both the pharmacology and clinical consequences of these observations.”
“We present a case of a 76-year-old woman on a permanent pacing device, with early abrasion of silicone endocardial lead insulations complicated by lead-dependent infective endocarditis 13 months after placement of an implantable pulse generator. The leads were removed using transvenous technique with direct traction, and with no additional tools. In the previous report, a set of additional tools was used, and therefore intraoperative endocardial lead abrasions or mechanical damage of leads could have not been excluded. The present case undoubtedly proves that the friction of leads against each other may result in abrasions of insulation of the intracardiac section of the lead. (PACE 2012; 35:e156e158)”
“Purrpose: To evaluate myocardial microvascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and to report on its diagnostic accuracy using single

photon emission tomography (SPECT) as reference test.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 79 patients (25 DM; 66 +/- 11 years) who underwent simultaneous SPECT and MCE with contrast agent during adenosine stress. MCE and SPECT were visually analyzed using 17 segments. Quantitative MCE parameters were derived from replenishment curves. Microbubble velocity (beta min(-1)), absolute myocardial blood Selleck VX-680 flow (MBF ml/min/g), and reserve values were calculated. Diagnostic accuracy and area under curve (AUC) was reported.

Results: Patients with DM had higher BMI vs non DM (33 +/- 7 vs 28 +/- 5kg/m(2) P=0.007), with more prior myocardial infarction (40 vs 15% P=.01). Visual MCE was abnormal in 40 (51%) patients (60% in DM vs 46% in non DM P=0.04). SPECT was abnormal in 38 (48%) patients [ 60% in DM vs 42% non DM, P=0.01]. Reserve parameters were lower in DM vs. non DM patients: (beta 1.77 +/- 1.12 vs 2.20 +/- 1.4, P<0.001 and MBF 2.86 +/- 2.62 vs. 3.67 +/- 2.84, P<0.001).

The present paper is focused on

parallels between diabetes mellitus and nitrate tolerance, and aims to discuss the mechanisms underlying nitrate resistance in the setting of diabetes. Since oxidative stress was identified as an important factor in the development of tolerance to organic nitrates, but also represents a hallmark of diabetic complications, this may represent a common principle for both disorders where therapeutic intervention buy Quizartinib should start. This paper examines the evidence supporting the hypothesis that pentaerithrityl tetranitrate may represent a nitrate for treatment of ischemia in diabetic patients. This evidence is based on the considerations of parallels between diabetes mellitus and nitrate tolerance as well as on preliminary data from experimental diabetes studies.”
“Clinical see more point of care testing often needs plasma instead of whole blood. As centrifugation is labor intensive and not always accessible, filtration is a more appropriate separation technique. The complexity of whole blood is such that there is still no commercially available filtration system capable of separating small sample volumes (10-100 mu l) at the point of care. The microfluidics research in blood filtration is very active but to date nobody has validated a low cost device that simultaneously filtrates small samples of whole blood and reproducibly

recovers clinically relevant biomarkers, and all this in a limited amount of time with undiluted raw samples. In this paper, we show first that plasma filtration from undiluted whole blood is feasible and reproducible in a low-cost microfluidic device. This novel

microfluidic blood filtration element (BFE) extracts 12 mu l of plasma from 100 mu l of whole blood in less than 10 min. Then, we demonstrate that our device is valid for clinical studies by measuring www.selleckchem.com/products/fosbretabulin-disodium-combretastatin-a-4-phosphate-disodium-ca4p-disodium.html the adsorption of interleukins through our system. This adsorption is reproducible for interleukins IL6, IL8, and IL10 but not for TNF alpha. Hence, our BFE is valid for clinical diagnostics with simple calibration prior to performing any measurement. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3672188]“
“The extinction of conditioned fear depends on an efficient interplay between the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In rats, high-frequency electrical mPFC stimulation has been shown to improve extinction by means of a reduction of amygdala activity. However, so far it is unclear whether stimulation of homologues regions in humans might have similar beneficial effects. Healthy volunteers received one session of either active or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) covering the mPFC while undergoing a 2-day fear conditioning and extinction paradigm. Repetitive TMS was applied offline after fear acquisition in which one of two faces (CS+ but not CS-) was associated with an aversive scream (UCS).

Conclusions-Genes associated with cardiomyopathy carry very low rates of population variation. The existence in population data of variants with strong GF120918 concentration evidence for pathogenicity suggests that even for Mendelian disease genetics, a probabilistic weighting of multiple variants may be preferred over the single gene causality model. (Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2012;5:602-610.)”
“Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/soy protein isolate (SPI) blends with and without modifier were melt compounded in a

intensive mixer. Tensile strength of PLA/SPI simple blends decreased more than pure PLA because the dispersed SPI granules acted as the stress concentration; tensile strength was improved by loading of sodium bisulfite (NaHSO(3)). At 0.5 wt % NaHSO(3) loading, the blend gave 43.9 MPa of tensile strength. Blends containing both methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and NaHSO(3) displayed a significant improvement in tensile strength, which increased by 38% at 4 wt % MDI, compared with the PLA/SPI/NaHSO(3) Poziotinib in vitro blend.

The scanning electron microscopic observation demonstrated that incorporating NaHSO(3) and MDI improved compatibility between PLA and SPI. The differential scanning calorimetry indicated that SPI induced and accelerated cold crystallization of PLA in the blends, which was also affected by the presence of NaHSO(3) and MDI. The PLA/SPI blend containing both NaHSO(3) and MDI displayed higher water resistance than the PLA/SPI/NaHSO(3) blend. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J AppI Polym Sci 114: 754-759, 2009″
“Background-Accelerated atherosclerosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the role of epigenetic dysregulation in atherosclerosis

is increasingly appreciated, only a few studies focused on epigenetics in CKD-associated cardiovascular disease, virtually all of which assessed epigenetic dysregulation globally. We hypothesized that gene-specific epigenetic dysregulation in CKD exists, affecting genes pertinent to inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results-Ten clinically stable patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy JQ1 in vivo and 10 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation was performed by SuperTAG methylation-specific digital karyotyping, in order to identify genes differentially methylated in CKD. Analysis of 27 043 436 tags revealed 4288 genomic loci with differential DNA methylation (P<10(-10)) between hemodialysis patients and control subjects. Annotation of UniTags to promoter databases allowed us to identify 52 candidate genes associated with cardiovascular disease and 97 candidate genes associated with immune/infection diseases.