Confidence intervals for the cost-effectiveness estimates are also derived using bootstrap techniques. The central estimates of cost-effectiveness range from 2870 pound per quality-adjusted life-year gained for the most cost-effective of the alternative regimes to 6182 pound for the current regime. These results suggest that alternative regimes may be more cost-effective in

tackling the radon problem. A definitive assessment of the most suitable to adopt will require extensive negotiation between government departments, the construction industry, and other interested parties to ML323 cell line ensure acceptance of any new regime. The paper offers suggestions for future research that should help in the process of identifying the key features of a new regulatory approach. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A new hydroperoxyquinolone alkaloid, glycopentaphyllone (1), along with nine compounds (2-10), was isolated from the fruits of

Glycosmis pentaphylla. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of glycopentaphyllone at C-2′ was established as S-configuration by applying Mosher’s method. In addition, the completed assignments of C-13 NMR as well as 2D NMR spectral data of compound 5 were reported herein for the first time. Also, all isolates were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TISTR 780, Salmonella typhimurium Raf pathway TISTR 292, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus SK1. (C) 2012 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurologic disorder, which affects approximately one million men and women in the US alone. PD represents a heterogeneous disorder with common clinical manifestations and, for the most part, common neuropathological findings. Objective: This short

article reviews the role of the ubiquitin E3 ligase in sporadic PD. Methods: The role of parkin in sporadic PD was reviewed by querying PubMed. Results: Parkin is inactivated in sporadic PD via S-nitrosylation, oxidative and dopaminergic Nocodazole inhibitor stress, and phosphorylation by the stress-activated kinase c-Abl, leading to the accumulation of AIMP2 and PARIS (ZNF746). Conclusion: Strategies aimed at maintaining parkin in a catalytically active state or interfering with the toxicity of AIMP2 and PARIS (ZNF746) offer new therapeutic opportunities. (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objective: To present the clinical characteristics of secondary BPPV after surgical drilling of the temporal bone.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Tertiary referral academic medical center.

Brain microdialysis was used for sampling and a method for quantification using ultra

performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed. Deuterated analogues for each analyte were included in the microdialysis Vorinostat solubility dmso perfusion solution as calibrators for recovery estimation. Results: A highly sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method allowed short sampling intervals, down to one minute, and the simultaneous detection of each analyte and its specific deuterated analogues, making possible the individual recovery calculation for each compound of interest. This method allowed us to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of heroin and its metabolites in brain-ECF in the same animal after an intravenous injection of heroin. Discussion: Our method makes detecting concurrently the rapid changes in concentrations of heroin and its metabolites in brain ECF possible, despite the rapid metabolism of heroin. Recovery was measured specifically for each analyte in the same sample by carefully combining different deuterated analogues. This technique can be applied to pharmacokinetic studies where more than one compound of interest has to be monitored, and to study distribution of prodrugs or drugs with active metabolites. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc.

All rights reserved.”
“The LY2606368 solubility dmso Fontan circulation is associated with an increased central venous pressure, decreased ventricular preload, and increased afterload. We postulated that these central hemodynamic abnormalities would have consequences for the structural and functional properties of the peripheral arteries and veins, and performed a cross-sectional study in a tertiary health-care setting. We prospectively examined venous and arterial wall morphology by very high

resolution ultrasound (VHRU, 25-55 MHz), and function by conventional vascular ultrasound (flow-mediated GW4869 dilatation, FMD) and applanation tonometry (pulse wave velocity, PWV) in 28 patients after the Fontan procedure (age 14.8 +/- A 1.3 years) and 54 age-matched controls. Pig venous samples were studied with VHRU and compared with histology for accuracy. The precision of the venous VHRU method was studied in healthy volunteers. The lumen dimension was reduced in Fontans compared with controls in the common carotid, brachial, radial, and femoral arteries (p < 0.05). The common carotid, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, and dorsal tibial artery intima-media thicknesses (IMTs) and the brachial, ulnar, and femoral artery adventitial thicknesses were decreased (p < 0.05 for all), while the cubital and dorsal tibial vein IMTs were increased in Fontans (p < 0.001). FMD, abdominal aortic stiffness, and carotid-femoral PWV were similar, while carotid-radial artery PWV was increased in Fontans (p < 0.01). Venous wall layer assessment with VHRU was accurate and precise. The Fontan circulation is associated with significant arterial and venous remodeling, presumably reflecting abnormalities of central hemodynamics.

This study shows no evidence of excessive maternal weight gain among pregnant women receiving a CM intervention for smoking cessation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“Background: Recent findings in psoriasis research have shown that psoriasis is frequently associated with systemic comorbidities.

Objectives: This study aims to describe the epidemiology

of psoriasis and the prevalence of comorbidities in patients with psoriasis in Taiwan.

Methods: Patients who had at least one outpatient visit or admission with ICD-9-CM diagnosis code 696.0-1 in the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database during 2006 were identified as psoriasis selleck chemicals cases. The cases were further classified into moderate to severe psoriasis (sPsO) for those who had previously received systemic therapy during the study period and mild psoriasis (mPsO) for those who had not. The cases were matched in a 1:4 ratio with controls from a sample cohort of 997,771 enrolees representative selleck compound of the Taiwan population.

Matching variables included age, gender and residential area. Prevalence of comorbidities was assessed using prevalence relative risk (RR) based upon a Cox proportional regression model.

Results: 51,800 psoriasis cases were identified (prevalence = 0.235%; mean age = 46.4 +/- 18.6; male:female = 1.6:1) and 17.5% of cases were sPsO type. Psoriasis was associated with a significantly increased prevalence ratio (RR; [95% confidence interval]) for hypertension (1.51; [1.47, 1.56]), diabetes (1.64; [1.58, 1.70]), hyperglyceridaemia (1.61; [1.54, 1.68]), heart disease (1.32; [1.26, 1.37]), hepatitis B viral infection (1.73; [1.47, 2.04]), hepatitis C viral infection (2.02; [1.67, 2.44]), rheumatoid arthritis

(3.02; [2.68, 3.41]), systemic lupus erythematosus (6.16; [4.70, 8.09]), vitiligo (5.94; [3.79, 9.31]), pemphigoid (14.75; [5.00, 43.50]), pemphigus (41.81; [12.41, 140.90]), alopecia areata (4.71; [2.98, 7.45]), lip, Nepicastat molecular weight oral cavity and pharynx cancer (1.49; [1.22, 1.80]), digestive organs and peritoneum cancer (1.57; [1.41, 1.74]), depression (1.50; [1.39, 1.61]), fatty liver (2.27; [1.90, 2.71]), chronic airways obstruction (1.47; [1.34, 1.61]), sleep disorder (3.89; [2.26, 6.71]), asthma (1.29; [1.18, 1.40]), and allergic rhinitis (1.25; [1.18, 1.33]). Conversely, psoriasis was not associated with an increased risk of Crohn’s disease.

Conclusions: Psoriasis was associated with a significantly increased risk of comorbidities, especially for those patients with moderate to severe disease. These health associations should be taken into consideration when evaluating the burdens of psoriasis and designing effective treatment plans. (C) 2011 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Significant changes in mortality trends were identified by Joinpoint regression and annual percentage changes (APCs) were calculated for periods with uniform trends. Cancer mortality in Romania was among the lowest in Europe in 1986, but was higher than most countries by 2009. Despite the declining mortality (APC) in younger Romanians for all cancers combined (men – 1.5% from 1997, women – 1.2% 1997-2004 and – 3.8% 2004-2009), male lung cancer ( – 2.8% from 1997), female breast

( – 3.5% from 1999) and cervical ( – 5.4% from 2004) cancers, mortality has increased in middle-aged and elderly PXD101 patients for most cancers analysed. The exception was declining stomach cancer mortality in most Romanians, except elderly men. For most

cancers analysed, mortality declined in the Baltic countries in young and middle-aged patients, and in western URMC-099 in vitro and northern countries for all ages. Lung cancer mortality in women increased in all countries except Latvia. We urge immediate steps to reverse the alarming increase in cancer mortality among middle-aged and elderly Romanians. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 22: 199-209 (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“Background: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is frequently observed in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its presence is associated with a poor prognosis. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition and beta-adrenergic blockade are the cornerstones of medical management for LVSD. Current guidelines advocate that CKD patients with advanced LVSD should receive these therapies. The extent to

which these recommendations are followed is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate practice patterns for LVSD management across the spectrum of patients with advanced CKD, and to determine the rate of utilization of recommended therapies for LVSD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed all long-term dialysis patients (n=299) and patients with advanced pre-dialysis CKD who were followed in a multidisciplinary clinic (n=176) at a tertiary care center in Toronto, Canada. Echocardiographic and pharmacotherapy data were Selleck Epacadostat sought for each patient. In patients with moderate-severe LVSD (ejection fraction <40%), we evaluated the extent to which optimal pharmacotherapy, defined as the receipt of a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker and a RAS inhibitor (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker), was applied. We then sought to identify factors to explain the usage of these therapies.

Results: Of the 475 eligible patients, 387 had echocardiographic data available for analysis. Among these individuals, 34 (8.8%) had moderate-severe LVSD, of whom 23 (67.7%) were receiving optimal therapy. Non-receipt of optimal therapy could not be explained by hypotension, hyperkalemia, known drug sensitivities, or pill burden.

Time between first RF application and AF termination, and RF duration until AF termination, was recorded. CFAE area/total LA surface was also

measured on CARTO maps (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA). These measures served to evaluate ablation difficulty, and were correlated with CMR images by double-blinded analysis.

Results: Ablation restored sinus rhythm in 20 of 22 patients (91%), with a time to terminate AF of 140 +/- 91 minutes. There was a significant correlation between the global averaged DE-CMR fibrosis grade and the electrophysiological substrate indexes such as “”time to terminate AF”" (Rho = 0.70, P = 0.0003), “”RF duration until AF termination”" (Rho = 0.65, P = 0.001), and a trend toward correlation with “”CFAE area/LA surface”" (Rho = 0.47, selleck kinase inhibitor P = 0.03).

Conclusions: LA DE-CMR can predict increased difficulty of CFAE ablation in AF. This tool may be beneficial in both selection of patients and ablation strategy. (PACE 2011; 34:1267-1277)”
“Purpose: The space environment contains two major biologically significant influences; space radiations and microgravity. The 53 kDa tumour suppressor protein (p53) plays a role as a guardian of the genome through

the activity of p53-centered signal transduction pathways. The aim of this study was to clarify the biological effects of space radiations, microgravity, and the space environment on the gene expression of p53-regulated genes.

Materials and methods: Space experiments were performed with two human cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines; one line (TSCE5) bears Bafilomycin A1 price a wild-type p53 gene status, and another line (WTK1) bears a mutated p53 gene status. Under one gravity or microgravity conditions, the cells were grown in the cell biology experimental facility (CBEF) of the International Space Station for 8 days without experiencing stress during launching and landing because the cells were frozen during

these periods. Ground Nepicastat control samples also were cultured for 8 days in the CBEF on the ground during the spaceflight. Gene expression was analysed using an Agilent Technologies 44 k whole human genome microarray DNA chip.

Results: p53-dependent up-regulated gene expression was observed for 111, 95, and 328 genes and p53-dependent down-regulated gene expression was found for 177, 16, and 282 genes after exposure to space radiations, to microgravity, and to both, respectively.

Conclusions: The data provide the p53-dependent regulated genes by exposure to radiations and/or microgravity during spaceflight. Our expression data revealed genes that might help to advance the basic space radiation biology.”
“In this paper we investigate the Jahn-Teller distortion and magnetic property in parent and doped anisotropic triangular compound NaxMnO2. We first determine the Jahn-Teller distortion modes of the MnO6 octahedra by minimizing the potential energy.

The visibility (completely visible over the entire course, partially visible, or not visible) and signal intensity characteristics (hypointense or hyperintense to muscle, homogeneous signal intensity vs striation) of the elbow ligaments and plicae were evaluated by three independent readers. The presence of pseudodefects at the

posterior capitellum was determined. The dimensions of all structures were measured by two independent readers.

Results: The anterior ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) and radial collateral ligament (RCL) were visible over their entire course in all 60 subjects (100%). The posterior UCL, lateral UCL, and annular ligament (AL) were completely visible in 58 (97%), 51 (85%), and 59 (98%) of the 60 subjects, respectively, and partially VX-770 cell line visible in the remaining subjects. Increased signal intensity with fluid-sensitive sequences was found in the anterior UCL in nine of the 60 subjects (15%), posterior UCL

in four subjects (7%), RCL in one subject (2%), lateral UCL in six subjects (10%), and AL in one subject (2%). The median thickness and 90th percentile were 2.5 www.selleckchem.com/products/azd5582.html and 3.5 mm, respectively, for the anterior UCL, 1.0 and 1.7 mm for the posterior UCL, 1.9 and 2.8 mm for the RCL, 2.3 and 3.8 mm for the lateral UCL, and 1.0 and 1.3 mm for the AL. A posterolateral plica (median dimension, 4.3 x 1.9 x 3.9 mm) was found in 59 of the 60 subjects (98%), whereas a posterior plica (median dimension, 1.8 x 1.4 mm) could be detected in only 20 (33%). A pseudodefect of the capitellum was noted in 51 of the 60 subjects (85%).

Conclusion: The elbow ligaments and the posterolateral plica are consistently visible on conventional MR images of asymptomatic subjects. Most normal ligaments are thinner than 4 mm, and most plicae are thinner than 3 mm. (C) RSNA, 2010″
“Laser beam deflection in combination with optical heterodyne diffraction is used to detect surface acoustic waves that are generated by impulsive laser light on a Sn-Cu(x)Sn(y)-Cu-Si multilayer structure with layer thicknesses Small molecule library datasheet of the order of 1 mu m. The

acoustic phase velocity dispersion curves of the lowest two-surface acoustic wave modes are determined by spectral analysis of the experimental signals. The sensitivity of the dispersive behavior to the thickness and elastic properties of the individual layers is analyzed on the basis of the experimental data and of simulated data with noise added. The elastic parameters of the Cu(x)Sn(y) intermetallic alloy are determined. Statistical least squares and most squares uncertainties on all best fitting material parameters are determined, giving a quantitative measure of the feasibility of parameter extraction by this method. The feasibility of solving the inverse problem of elastic depth profiling of a multilayer by the proposed wideband and multimode SAW dispersion spectroscopy method is confirmed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics.

These results act as a foundation for vaccine efficacy studies in large animal BRSV challenge models. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Frequent, monomorphic premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and/or ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with structurally normal heart usually arise from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT).

The underlying arrhythmogenic substrate for the genesis of RVOT tachycardias is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the septal wall of the RVOT in patients with RVOT tachycardia and control subjects.

Methods: Transcriptional profiling with Affymetrix 3′ IVT microarray analysis (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, Prexasertib CA, USA) was performed on the endomyocardial biopsy samples obtained from the septal wall of the RVOT from three unrelated patients with RVOT tachycardia and three Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor control subjects. All study subjects had normal right and left ventricular size and function. Microarray results

were validated by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: There were 32 statistically significant up-regulated and 60 down-regulated genes in five biological networks in patient population compared with control subjects. Among those genes, there were eight down-regulated [ATP1A2, CACNA1C, Protein Phosphatase 2, Regulatory Subunit B, Gamma Isoform[PPP2R2C], PLCD3, GNAO1, Solute Carrier Family 6 (Transporter,

Norepinephrine), Member 2(SLC6A2), CAMK2B, PIK3R2] and two up-regulated (CAMKK2 and ITPR3) genes related to myocardial intracellular calcium regulation. In addition, there were five down-regulated [T-box buy FK228 3(TBX3), Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2(BMP2), Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor, Type IB(BMPR1B), MYH6, Ankyrin Repeat Domain 23 and 39(ANKRD23-39)] and one up-regulated gene (RGS1) related to cardiovascular functions.

Conclusion: The expression of genes responsible for the regulation of myocardial intracellular calcium and the development of RVOT are significantly down-regulated in the septal wall of the RVOT in patients with RVOT tachycardia compared with control subjects. (PACE 2010; 33:159-167).”
“Simple diagnostic tools for the monitoring of an oxidative state are important in the self-monitoring of diabetic complications and other obesity-related disorders closely linked to oxidative stress. Cellular membranes are protected from oxidative damage by antioxidative enzymes and vitamins. A decrease in the level of these protective systems results in oxidative cellular damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

05). The odds ratio of CC/CT+TT

(wild type GSTP1 exon 6 vs. joint heterozygous and mutant homozygous GSTP1 exon 6) was 10.000 and statistically different (p = 0.002). In this study, the GSTP1 mutant genotype of exon 5 (GG), as well as GSTP1 mutant and heterozygous genotypes of exon 6 (TT and MAPK Inhibitor Library chemical structure CT), were suggested to be genetic contributors to COPD susceptibility. Null GSTM1, null GSTT1 and joint GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes were not disease associated. Serum GST was not associated with GST genotypes and COPD or smoking history in our study subjects. Conclusions drawn from the study should be further supported and clarified by studies with larger sample sizes.”
“Radical cystectomy remains the gold standard for the treatment of muscle invasive and high-risk urothelial cancers of the bladder. In attempts to decrease the morbidity of the procedure, minimally invasive techniques have been employed for check details both the extirpative as well as the reconstructive portions of the procedure. Current laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques allow for the performance of these procedures in selected patients

with improvements in estimated blood loss while adhering to the oncologic principles required for cancer control including obtaining negative margins and performing an adequate extended lymph node dissection. While completely intracorporeal approaches are technically feasible, they have been, thus far, associated with significant increases in operative times and perioperative complications. Open-assisted approaches in which the extirpative portions of the case (i.e.

radical cystectomy, extended lymph node dissection) are completed laparoscopically and the urinary reconstruction is performed in a limited open fashion appear to provide the best outcomes with current techniques. Intermediate cancer outcomes are promising when compared to their open surgical counterparts. While this approach remains investigational, long-term outcomes are currently being accrued and may allow for the shift of the standard of care to minimally invasive approaches for select patients as has been the case in SBE-β-CD price renal and prostatic cancers.”
“P>Members of the Brassicaceae family, including Arabidopsis thaliana and oilseed rape (Brassica napus), produce dry fruits that open upon maturity along a specialised tissue called the valve margin. Proper development of the valve margin in Arabidopsis is dependent on the INDEHISCENT (IND) gene, the role of which in genetic and hormonal regulation has been thoroughly characterised. Here we perform phylogenetic comparison of IND genes in Arabidopsis and Brassica to identify conserved regulatory sequences that are responsible for specific expression at the valve margin. In addition we have taken a comparative development approach to demonstrate that the BraA.IND.a and BolC.IND.a genes from B. rapa and B.

Categorical variables were compared with chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Continuous variables were compared with two-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. Multiple logistic regression determined predictors of ROSC and SURV, utilizing cluster analysis by experimental protocol. Candidate variables were sex, weight, anesthesia duration, VF duration, and CPR ratio.

Results: Of 263 swine analyzed (53.2% male), 58.6% of males and 68.3% of females had ROSC (p = 0.10), whereas 50.0% GW4869 of males and 61.0% of females experienced SURV (p = 0.07).

Results: Of 263 swine analyzed (53.2% male), 58.6% of males and 68.3% of females had ROSC (p = 0.10), whereas 50.0% of males and 61.0% of females experienced SURV (p = 0.07). Neither sex nor any identified candidate FK228 concentration variable predicted ROSC or SURV. Both models had acceptable fit with Hosmer-Lemeshow values of 0.35 and 0.31, respectively.

Conclusions: Sex predicts neither ROSC nor SURV in a swine model of prolonged VF. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background and aimsSusceptibility to use of addictive substances may result, in part, from a greater preference for an immediate small reward relative to a larger delayed reward or relative insensitivity to punishment. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined the neural basis of inhibiting an immediately rewarding stimulus to obtain a

larger delayed reward in smokers.

We also investigated whether punishment could modulate inhibitory control.

DesignThe Monetary Incentive Go/NoGo (MI-Go/NoGo) task was administered that provided three types of reward outcomes contingent upon inhibitory control performance over rewarding stimuli: inhibition failure was either followed by no monetary reward (neutral condition), a small monetary reward with immediate feedback (reward condition) or immediate monetary punishment (punishment condition). In the reward and punishment conditions, successful inhibitory CH5183284 control resulted in larger delayed rewards.

SettingCommunity sample of smokers in the Melbourne (Australia) area.

ParticipantsNineteen smokers were compared with 17 demographically matched non-smoking controls.

MeasurementsAccuracy, reaction times and brain activation associated with the MI-Go/NoGo task.

FindingsSmokers showed hyperactivation in the right insula (P<0.01), inferior and middle frontal gyrus (P<0.01), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P=0.001) and inferior parietal lobe (P<0.01) both during inhibition of an immediately rewarding stimulus to obtain a larger delayed reward, and during inhibition of neutral stimuli. Group differences in brain activity were not significant in the punishment condition in the right insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, most probably as a result of increased activation in non-smoking controls.

This injection regime is different than the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling that controls the electron injection in single thick layer LED operating at high voltages. A comparison of the power efficiency for the multilayer based LED and a similar single thick layer LED shows larger power efficiency for the former than for the second. Our results open new directions in the development of highly efficient room temperature silicon based LED.”
“Background: selleck chemicals Secondary rotator cuff dysfunction is a recognized complication following shoulder arthroplasty. We hypothesized that the rate of secondary rotator cuff dysfunction would increase with follow-up and result in less satisfactory clinical

and radiographic outcomes.

Our aim was to investigate the rate of secondary rotator cuff dysfunction following shoulder arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis and identify factors associated with the dysfunction.

Methods: Between 1991 and 2003, in ten European centers, 704 total shoulder arthroplasties were performed for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Complete radiographic and clinical follow-up of more than five years was available for 518 shoulders. The diagnosis of secondary rotator cuff dysfunction was made when moderate or severe superior subluxation of the prosthetic humeral head EVP4593 manufacturer was present on radiographs. Multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with the development of rotator cuff dysfunction. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was performed, with the end point being secondary rotator cuff failure. LBH589 in vitro Clinical outcome was assessed with use of the Constant score, a subjective assessment of the shoulder, and an evaluation of shoulder motion.

Results: At an average of 103.6 months (range, sixty to 219 months) after shoulder arthroplasty, the rate of secondary rotator cuff dysfunction was 16.8%. Survivorship

free of secondary cuff dysfunction was 100% at five years, 84% at ten years, and 45% at fifteen years. Duration of follow-up (p < 0.0001), implantation of the glenoid implant with superior tilt (p < 0.001), and fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus muscle (p <0.05) were risk factors for the development of secondary cuff dysfunction. Patients with secondary rotator cuff dysfunction had significantly worse clinical outcomes (Constant score, subjective assessment, and range of motion; p < 0.0001) and radiographic results (radiolucent line score, radiographic loosening, glenoid component migration; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: In this study, rates of secondary rotator cuff dysfunction with moderate or severe superior subluxation of the prosthetic humeral head increased with the duration of follow-up and significantly influenced the clinical and radiographic outcome of total shoulder arthroplasty performed for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis.