Integration of the MCP and the BP will require new research approaches and opportunities. Major goals include understanding the interactions between BGJ398 order particulate organic carbon (POC) and RDOC that contribute to sequestration efficiency, and the concurrent determination of the chemical composition of organic carbon, microbial community composition and enzymatic activity.

Molecular biomarkers and isotopic tracers should be employed to link water column processes to sediment records, as well as to link present-day observations to paleo-evolution. Ecosystem models need to be developed based on empirical relationships derived from bioassay experiments and field investigations in order to predict the dynamics of carbon cycling along the stability continuum of POC and RDOC under potential global change scenarios. We propose that inorganic nutrient input to coastal waters may reduce the capacity for carbon sequestration as RDOC. The nutrient regime enabling maximum carbon storage from combined POC flux and RDOC formation should therefore

be sought.”
“Background. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), using daily oral combination tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine, is an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention strategy for populations at high risk of HIV acquisition. Although the primary mode of action for the protective effect of PrEP is probably direct antiviral activity, nonhuman primate studies suggest that PrEP may also allow for development of HIV-specific immune responses, hypothesized to result fromaborted HIVinfections providing PND-1186 inhibitor a source of immunologic priming. We sought to evaluate whether PrEP affects the development of HIV-specific immune response in humans. Methods and Results.aEuro integral Within a PrEP clinical trial among high-risk heterosexual African men and women, we detected HIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) peripheral blood T-cell responses in 10%-20% of 247 subjects evaluated. The response rate and magnitude of T-cell responses did not vary significantly between those assigned PrEP

versus placebo, and no significant difference between those Small molecule library manufacturer assigned PrEP and placebo was observed in measures of innate immune function. Conclusions.aEuro integral We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that PrEP alters either the frequency or magnitude of HIV-specific immune responses in HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals. These results suggest that PrEP is unlikely to serve as an immunologic prime to aid protection by a putative HIV vaccine.”
“We recently proposed an S-1 combined with oxaliplatin (SOXL) regimen, a combination treatment consisting of oral metronomic S-1 dosing and intravenous administration of oxaliplatin (l-OHP) containing PEGylated liposomes, which showed potent antitumor activity in vivo.

We applied atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as a means to probe the dynamics of the monomeric 40-residue alloform of A beta (A beta(40)) containing Met35 or Met35(ox) in an effort to resolve the conflicting experimental results. We found that Met35 oxidation decreases the beta-strand content of the C-terminal hydrophobic region (residues 29-40), with a specific effect on the secondary structure of residues 33-35, thus potentially

impeding aggregation. OSI906 Further, there is an important interplay between oxidation state and solution conditions, with pH and salt concentration augmenting the effects of oxidation. The results presented here serve to rationalize the conflicting results seen in experimental studies and provide a fundamental biophysical characterization of monomeric A beta(40) dynamics in both reduced and oxidized forms, providing insight into the biochemical mechanism of A beta(40) and oxidative stress related to AD. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We designed this study to demonstrate recent trends in the proportion of adult hip research in orthopedics, to identify countries leading the adult hip research, and to evaluate the relationship between the economic power of the countries and their contributions. Materials and Methods: Studies published in seven select orthopedic journals were retrieved from PubMed. Among them, we determined

the number of adult hip studies. The countries-of-origin of adult hip studies, and the economic power of the countries were investigated. SB525334 cell line Results: A total of 7218 orthopedic publications and 1993 (27.6%) addressed adult hip research were identified. Adult hip studies

increased from 313 (23.7%) in 2000 to 555 (27.9%) in 2011. Twenty-five countries accounted for 97.6% of the total number of adult hip studies, and gross domestic product correlated with publication volume (Spearman’s rho, 0.723; p=0.000). Conclusion: Researchers from a limited number of developed countries have published their studies in the adult hip discipline.”
“Noroviruses (No Vs) are major agents of gastroenteritis outbreaks and hospitalization worldwide. This study evaluated the sensitivity learn more and specificity of the commercially available third-generation RIDASCREEN (R) Norovirus Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) kit in comparison to the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect NoVs in hospitalized children with gastroenteritis. An agreement of 88% (81/92) was observed when comparing EIA with RT-PCR. A sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 83.3% were demonstrated. Eleven samples were positive by 1 method only (4 RT-PCR/7 EIA). Fourteen samples were sequenced and all classified as NoV genogroup GII-4. The 7 positive only by EIA were also evaluated by electron microscopy, and in 3 (42.9%) samples viral particles with a suggestive morphology of NoVs were visualized.

01). The distance from preoperative tractography was not correlated. A more than subtotal resection was achieved in 24 patients (85.7%). Transient motor deterioration was seen in 12 patients (42.8%), and a permanent deficit was seen in 1 patient (3.5%).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: We found that intraoperative tractography demonstrated the location of the CST more accurately than preoperative tractography. The results of the linear regression

between distance and stimulation intensity were informative for guiding approaches to tumor remnants without impinging on the CST. The combination of intraoperative tractography and MEP monitoring can enhance the quality of surgery for gliomas in motor eloquent areas.”
“Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) reside in specific niches within seminiferous tubules. These niches are thought to secrete chemotactic STA-9090 molecular weight factors

for SSCs, because SSCs migrate to them upon transplantation. However, the identity of these chemotactic molecules remains unknown. Here, we established a testis feeder cell culture AZD1480 cell line system and used it to identify SSC chemotactic factors. When seeded on testis cells from infertile mice, SSCs migrated beneath the Sertoli cells and formed colonies with a cobblestone appearance that were very similar to those produced by hematopoietic stem cells. Cultured cells maintained SSC activity and fertility for at least 5 months. Cobblestone colony formation depended on GDNF and CXCL12, and dominant-negative GDNF receptor transfection or CXCL12 receptor deficiency reduced SSC colonization. Moreover, GDNF upregulated CXCL12 receptor expression, and CXCL12 transfection in Sertoli cells increased homing efficiency. Overall, our findings identify GDNF and CXCL12 as SSC chemotactic

factors in vitro and in vivo.”
“The p53 tumor suppressor pathway is disrupted by human papillomavirus (HPV) in over 90% of cervical cancers. HPV E6 protein promotes the degradation of p53 thereby inhibiting its stabilization and activation. This study demonstrates that treatment with a novel cyano derivative of 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, i.e. butyl 2-cyano-3, 11-dioxours-1,12-dien-24-oate FHPI (BCDD) reduced the viral E6 mRNA expression and lead to the accumulation of transcriptionally active p53 in the nucleus of HPV18 HeLa cells following DNA damage. Western blot analysis showed that BCDD robustly up regulated time-dependent expression of p53/PUMA/p21 whereas it deprived cells essentially of p-AKT and NF-kappa B cell survival signalling cascade. BCDD appeared to gear up PUMA activation through p53 pathway and that both p53 and p21 translocated heavily into the nucleus. Simultaneously, it inhibited anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, augumented Drp-1 expression, disrupted mitochondrial functions causing the activation of proapoptotic proteins and caspases activation.

e. nonmycorrhizal roots supplied with low and high amounts of phosphate. During the most active stages of overall root mycorrhization, elevated levels of certain amino acids (Glu, Asp, Asn) were observed accompanied by increases in amounts of some fatty acids (palmitic and oleic acids), indicating a mycorrhiza-specific activation of plastidial metabolism.

In addition some accumulating fungus-specific fatty acids (palmitvaccenic Compound C solubility dmso and vaccenic acids) were assigned that may be used as markers of fungal root colonization. Stimulation of the biosynthesis of some constitutive isoflavonoids (daidzein, ononin and malonylononin) occurred, however, only at late stages of root mycorrhization. Increase of the levels of saponins correlated AM-independently with plant growth. Only in AM roots was the accumulation of apocarotenoids (cyclohexenone

and mycorradicin derivatives) observed. The structures of the unknown cyclohexenone derivatives were identified AZD5363 by spectroscopic methods as glucosides of blumenol C and 13-hydroxyblumenol C and their corresponding malonyl conjugates. During mycorrhization, the levels of typical cell wall-bound phenolics (e.g. 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, ferulic acid) did not change; however, high amounts of cell wall-bound tyrosol were exclusively detected in AM roots.\n\nPrincipal component analyses of nonpolar primary check details and secondary metabolites clearly separated AM roots from those of the controls, which was confirmed by an hierarchical cluster analysis. Circular networks of primary nonpolar metabolites showed stronger and more frequent correlations between

metabolites in the mycorrhizal roots. The same trend, but to a lesser extent, was observed in nonmycorrhizal roots supplied with high amounts of phosphate. These results indicate a tighter control of primary metabolism in AM roots compared to control plants. Network correlation analyses revealed distinct clusters of amino acids and sugars/aliphatic acids with strong metabolic correlations among one another in all plants analyzed; however, mycorrhizal symbiosis reduced the cluster separation and enlarged the sugar cluster size. The amino acid clusters represent groups of metabolites with strong correlations among one another (cliques) that are differently composed in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots. In conclusion, the present work shows for the first time that there are clear differences in development- and symbiosis-dependent primary and secondary metabolism of M. truncatula roots. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“An institution’s formulary is a constantly evolving entity with a myriad of considerations that must be taken into account when any agent or chemical entity is being evaluated for formulary inclusion or is under review to continue as a therapeutic option.

Such studies have shown that the scattering is from a single atom of the scattering sample. For an electron beam with a well defined incident energy, the scattered electron energy at any angle from each atomic species is Doppler broadened. The broadening reflects the atomic momentum distribution contributed by both the internal and external motions of the molecular system. By measuring the Doppler broadening

of the scattered electron lines it was possible to determine the kinetic energy of the scattering atom including that of its zero-point motion. Thus, the atomic kinetic energies in gases such as H-2, D-2, HD, CH4 and in H2O, D2O and NH3 were measured and compared with those calculated semi-empirically using the measured optical infra red (IR) Cediranib and Raman frequencies of the internal vibrations of the molecules. In general, good agreement between the measured and calculated values was found. Electron scattering was also used to study the ratio of e-scattering intensities from the H- and O-atoms in water (H2O), where some anomalies were reported to exist. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Protein acetylation is a widespread modification that is mediated by site-selective acetyltransferases. KATs (lysine N-epsilon-acetyltransferases), modify the side chain of specific Cyclosporin A lysines on histones and other proteins, a central process

in regulating gene expression. N-alpha-terminal

acetylation occurs on the ribosome where the alpha amino group of nascent polypeptides is acetylated by NATs(N-terminal acetyltransferase). In yeast, three different NAT complexes were identified NatA, NatB, and NatC. NatA is composed of two main subunits, the catalytic subunit Naa10p (Ard1p) and Naa15p (Nat1p). Naa50p (Nat5) is physically associated with NatA. In man, hNaa50p was shown to have acetyltransferase activity and to be important for chromosome segregation. In this study, we used purified recombinant hNaa50p and multiple oligopeptide substrates to identify and characterize an N-alpha-acetyltransferase activity of hNaa50p. As the preferred substrate this activity 5-Fluoracil acetylates oligopeptides with N termini Met-Leu-Xxx-Pro. Furthermore, hNaa50p autoacetylates lysines 34, 37, and 140 in vitro, modulating hNaa50p substrate specificity. In addition, histone 4 was detected as a hNaa50p KAT substrate in vitro. Our findings thus provide the first experimental evidence of an enzyme having both KAT and NAT activities.”
“Catalysis of Cope-type rearrangements of bis-homoallylic hydroxylamines is demonstrated using chiral thiourea derivatives. This formal intramolecular hydroamination reaction provides access to highly enantioenriched alpha-substituted pyrrolidine products and represents a complementary approach to metal-catalyzed methods.

Moreover, TPA enhanced

reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in these cells, and phagocytic ability was also stimulated during differentiation. The antioxidant agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited the TPA-induced differentiation of U937 cells. TPA treatment decreased BVD-523 purchase the expression level of catalase, which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to H(2)O and O(2). In contrast, TPA increased the level of manganese superoxide dismutase, which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into H(2)O(2) and O(2) without affecting the levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase 1, which removes H(2)O(2) using glutathione as substrate. Treatment of U937 cells with catalase inhibited the enhancement of ROS generation induced by TPA, and blocked the TPA-induced differentiation of U937 cells. Human promyelocytic cell line HL60 cells were also induced to differentiate into

BMS-345541 NF-��B inhibitor macrophages by TPA. However, HP100-1 cells, its variant cell line over-expressing catalase, were resistant to TPA-induced differentiation. Our results suggest that catalase inhibits monocytic differentiation by TPA; the decrease in catalase level and the accumulation of H(2)O(2) are significant events for monocyte/macrophage differentiation by TPA.”
“Objective: The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 seems to play a pivotal role in sepsis, but contradictory findings AZD0530 mw in animal models impede a rationale for therapies directed against IL-6. IL-6 signals by two mechanisms via the ubiquitous transmembrane glycoprotein 130 (gp130): “classic” signaling using membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and trans-signaling using soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R). Trans-signaling is selectively inhibited by soluble gp130 (sgp130). The aim of this study was to systematically compare complete blockade of IL-6 signaling (using a neutralizing anti-IL-6

antibody) and selective blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling (using a fusion protein of sgp130 and the crystallizable fragment of immunoglobulin G1, sgp130Fc) in a standardized cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model.\n\nDesign: Animal study.\n\nSetting: Animal laboratory.\n\nSubjects: C57BL/6J mice.\n\nInterventions: We performed a 96-hr dose-response study and a 24-hr study to investigate short-term mechanisms. In the 96-hr study, CLP was performed in 120 randomized mice (20 mice received vehicle, 10 mice per dose group). Mice were treated with equimolar doses of sgp130Fc (0.01/0.1/1/10 mg/kg) or anti-IL-6 (0.008/0.08/0.8/8 mg/kg) 24 hrs before CLP. Two additional groups received 0.5 mg/kg sgp130Fc 24 hrs before or 1 mg/kg sgp130Fc 24 hrs after CLP. Survival and activity scores were obtained daily until 96 hrs after CLP. In the 24-hr study, mice were randomized into four groups with 10 animals each (sham/vehicle, CLP/vehicle, CLP/anti-IL-6 [0.

We report here the identification of an active compound 9179A as a known compound trichostatin A (TSA), and its effects on CLA-1/SR-BI expression both in HepG2 human hepatoma cells p38 MAPK activation and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells in vitro. The results showed that the mRNA and Protein level of CLA-1/SR-BI were significantly up-regulated by 9179A both in HepG2 and RAW 264.7 cells. Corresponding to this, the uptake of Dil-HDL by both cells and the efflux of [(3)H]cholesterol by RAW

264.7 cells were increased by 9179A in close-dependent manner. ABCA1 was also increased but SR-A decreased by 9179A in RAW 264.7 cells. Using a combination of reporter assays with various deletion in CLA-1 promoter and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we demonstrated that -419/-232 bp fragment of the CLA-1 promoter mediated (lie effects of 9179A (i.e., TSA). Together, these studies identified TSA as a novel Up-regulator of CLA-1/SR-BI both in HepG2 and RAW 264.7 cells. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Few ideas have gained such strong acceptance in the scientific community as the monoclonal origin of tumors; the idea that tumors start with a single mutated cell (or a single clone of cells) that go on

to accumulate additional mutations as a tumor develops. The certainty with which this concept is held by the scientific community reflects the length of time it has been unchallenged LY294002 in vivo and the experimental difficulty in obtaining direct evidence to the contrary. Yet, recent findings regarding X chromosome inactivation patch size indicate that the X-linked marker

data previously interpreted as evidence of monoclonal tumor origin is actually more consistent with polyclonal tumor origin, a situation where two or more cells or clones of cells interact to initiate a tumor. Although most tumors show homotypy for X-linked markers (as expected given the bias conferred by X chromosome inactivation patch size), the literature contains numerous examples of tumors with X-linked marker heterotypy, examples of which encompass 24 different tumor types. Chimeric models have yielded direct unequivocal demonstrations of polyclonality in rodent and human tumors. Also, mutational data are consistent with polyclonal tumor origin. Methods that analyze levels Nepicastat chemical structure of tumor-associated oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations demonstrate that initiated cells are much more common in normal tissues than previously realized. Also, while tumors have higher levels of mutation than normal tissues, oncogenic mutations frequently are present as subpopulations within tumors, rather than as the pure mutant populations expected to develop from a single initiated cell. Understanding the mutational basis of tumor etiology has important practical significance for assessing cancer risk, as well as in modeling and treating cancer.

Blood samples were collected at various time intervals following oral administration and analyzed for trimetazidine concentrations using a validated HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by a non-compartmental method. After administering a single dose of 35 mg of each trimetazidine formulation, the obtained mean (SD) values for

the test and reference AZD7762 products were 104.78 (29.3) and 98.57 (28.7) ng/ml for C(max); 4.00 (1.1) and 3.54 (1.32) h for t(max); 423.81 (173.9) and 410.01 (195.87) ng . h/ml for AUC(0-12); and 472.51 (195.2) and 462.78 (225.13) ng . h/ml for AUC(0-infinity) respectively. The mean t(1/2) was found 3.69 (1.1) h and 3.45 (0.72) h for test and reference products respectively. From paired t-test,

no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05) for any pharmacokinetic parameters. The 90% confidence intervals of the test/reference mean ratios of the ln-transformed AUC(0-12), AUC(0-infinity), and C(max), mean values were 106.19% (97.16%-116.06%), 104.74% (95.04%-115.42%) and 106.30% (95.23%-118.66%), respectively. The two formulations demonstrated similar bioavailability with respect to both the rate and extent of trimetazidine absorption.”
“The growing need for new microorganisms with novel metabolic capabilities has urged scientists to search for life in extreme environments. With the rapid progress in experimental methods, it is possible to isolate new microorganisms at high speeds but the bottleneck find more in this process is the biochemical characterization due to time and financial limitations. Inferential hierarchical clustering of new isolates may help to overcome this problem. Danusertib molecular weight In this work, discriminant function analysis, used in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA) was able to rapidly discriminate eight new isolates using metabolic footprints

(spectral data from electrospray injection mass spectrometry) and the results were compared with clustering based on the Euclidean distances computed both in the domain of original data and in the domain of PCA-transformed data. The presence of the replicates on the adjacent leaf nodes of dendrograms obtained by hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed the reliability of the method. This attractive tool is applicable to a chemical/biological system, which involves complex samples that can be analyzed by high-throughput instruments.”
“Previous studies have postulated that X-linked and autosomal genes underlying human intellectual disability may have also mediated the evolution of human cognition. We have conducted the first comprehensive assessment of the extent and patterns of positive Darwinian selection on intellectual disability genes in humans. We report three main findings.

\n\nDesign and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents

and Children.\n\nParticipants: Participants included 2305 (1100 male) individuals of mean age 15.5 yr.\n\nOutcome Measures: We evaluated total learn more body less head bone mineral content (BMC) (grams), bone area (BA) (square centimeters), and bone mineral density (BMD) (grams per square centimeter) from a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan.\n\nResults: Fat mass, fasting insulin, and triglycerides were positively associated with BMD, BMC, and BA; HDLc was inversely associated with these outcomes. For example, the adjusted mean difference in BMC per 1 SD fasting insulin was 45 g (95% confidence interval = 17-73 g) in males and 50 g(95% confidence interval = 28-72 g) in females. When the associations of fat mass with outcomes were adjusted for markers of insulin resistance, they were largely unchanged. Associations of triglycerides and HDLc with outcomes were attenuated to the null when they were adjusted for fat mass, whereas those

of insulin changed direction; i.e. with adjustment for fat mass, higher fasting insulin was associated with lower BMD, BMC, and BA.\n\nConclusions: Fasting insulin, glucose, and lipids do not appear to mediate the positive association of fat mass with bone mass in children/adolescents. The inverse association of fasting insulin with BMD, BMC, and BA once fat mass has been controlled for needs further study. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97: 2068-2076, 2012)”
“Micronutrient powders (MNP) are often added this website to complementary foods high in inhibitors of iron and zinc absorption. Most MNP therefore include high amounts of iron and zinc, but it is no longer recommended in malarial areas to use untargeted MNP that contain the Reference Nutrient Intake for iron in a single serving. The aim was to test the efficacy of a low-iron and -zinc (each 2.5 mg) MNP containing iron as NaFeEDTA, ascorbic acid (AA), and an exogenous phytase active at gut pH. In a double-blind controlled trial, South African school children with low iron status (n = 200) were randomized

to receive either the MNP or the unfortified carrier added just before consumption to a high-phytate maize porridge 5 d/wk for 23 wk; primary Tozasertib cell line outcomes were iron and zinc status and a secondary outcome was somatic growth. Compared with the control, the MNP increased serum ferritin (P<0.05), body iron stores (P<0.01) and weight-for-age Z-scores (P<0.05) and decreased transferrin receptor (P<0.05). The prevalence of iron deficiency fell by 30.6% (P<0.01) and the prevalence of zinc deficiency decreased by 11.8% (P<0.05). Absorption of iron from the MNP was estimated to be 7-8%. Inclusion of an exogenous phytase combined with NaFeEDTA and AA may allow a substantial reduction in the iron dose from existing MNP while still delivering adequate iron and zinc.

Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: JQ-EZ-05 Fifteen subjects with stroke (mean age 62.5 years (standard deviation (SD) 7.1); time post-stroke 5.2 years (SD 3.0)) recruited by convenience sampling.\n\nMethods: A fast finger-pointing task towards a moving visual target was employed to investigate the differences between the subjects’ affected and unaffected hands in terms of reaction time, movement time and accuracy. Their sensori-motor

impairments in tactile sensation, handgrip strength, Fugl-Meyer scores and Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test scores were measured.\n\nResults: Significant differences were found between the affected and unaffected hands in terms of movement time and accuracy in finger pointing. Movement time was significantly correlated with

tactile sensitivity, handgrip strength and total Fugl-Meyer score, while accuracy correlated with tactile sensitivity and total Fugl-Meyer score. Total scores on the hand function test also correlated significantly with reaction time and movement time.\n\nConclusion: The stroke survivors had poorer eye hand coordination, in terms of slower movement and reduced accuracy when using their affected hand. These performance measures were significantly correlated with several sensorimotor impairments. S63845 cost A significant correlation was also found between eye hand coordination performance and hand function test scores.”
“Background: A rapid diagnostic test for active tuberculosis (TB) at the clinical point-of-care could expedite case detection and accelerate TB treatment initiation. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for TB screening among HIV-infected adults in a TB-endemic setting. Methods: We prospectively enrolled newly-diagnosed HIV-infected adults ( bigger than = 18 years) at 4 outpatient clinics in Durban from Oct 2011 May

2012, excluding those on TB therapy. A physician evaluated all participants and offered CD4 cell count testing. Trained study nurses collected a sputum sample for acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy (AFB) and mycobacterial culture, and performed urine LAM testing MAPK inhibitor using Determine(TM) TB LAM in the clinic. The presence of a band regardless of intensity on the urine LAM test was considered positive. We defined as the gold standard for active pulmonary TB a positive sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnostic accuracy of urine LAM was assessed, alone and in combination with smear microscopy, and stratified by CD4 cell count. Results: Among 342 newly-diagnosed HIV-infected participants, 190 (56%) were male, mean age was 35.6 years, and median CD4 was 182/ mm(3). Sixty participants had culture-positive pulmonary TB, resulting in an estimated prevalence of 17.5% (95% CI 13.7-22.0%). Forty-five (13.2%) participants were urine LAM positive.