We show that the results depend on whether the reconstructed trees are conditioned on the number of leaves, the age, or both. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Avoiding reflexive saccades triggered by salient yet task-irrelevant stimuli requires the engagement of control processes that inhibit attention toward irrelevant objects and

prevent reflex-like oculomotor action. In the current study participants made saccades AZD3965 to visual targets to the left and right of fixation as directed by target appearance. A distractor could either be presented in the same (congruent trials) or the opposite hemifield (incongruent trials) as the target. Trial context was manipulated, creating risky (mostly incongruent blocks), safe (mostly congruent blocks), or neutral conditions. Electroencephalogram was measured to examine if any contextual modulations would be reflected in the N2 peak frequently associated with performance monitoring.

The results are discussed within the framework of dual mechanisms of cognitive control and suggest that a high-risk context facilitates avoidance of capture, lessening the need for reactive control.”
“Current clinical studies support the role of neoadjuvant cisplatin administration prior to curative radiotherapy HDAC inhibitor or radio-chemotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer. Nevertheless, based on locoregional control rates the studies indicate that there is need to redesign cisplatin-based schedules for induction chemotherapy, thus the ideal treatment regimen is yet to be established. While the pharmacokinetics/dynamics of daily

cisplatin regimens correspond MK-2206 better with the cell cycle properties of head and neck cancers, weekly regimens are more commonly employed in clinics due to lower complications. Yet, the high rates of adverse events induced by current cisplatin schedules often represent a limiting factor in the overall success of the treatment.

The aim of the present paper was to model the pharmacodynamic properties of cisplatin and to simulate and compare various neoadjuvant treatment regimens in regards to their effect on tumour control. Treatment simulation was undertaken on a virtual squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, previously grown by computer-based probabilistic methods.

The model suggests that a novel cisplatin treatment, given every three days is comparable, in regards to tumour control, with the daily administration and more effective than the weekly regimen in neoadjuvant settings. Endpoints were assessed in terms of cell population regrowth after treatment cessation followed by two weeks of unperturbed growth. Simulation of two weeks low-dose daily cisplatin followed by two weeks ‘free growth’ lead to 15% population regrowth, while weekly high-dose cisplatin over three weeks, followed by two weeks unperturbed growth resulted in 52% tumour cell regrowth.