We are grateful to Dr Ian Toth at the Scottish Crop Research Institute

for supplying the Pa strains, to Rita Monson for providing cDNA and Nick Thomson for help with bioinformatic comparisons. T.J.E. was supported by a Collaborative Award in Science and Engineering from Leatherhead Food Research. This work was funded by the BBSRC. Fig. S1. Multiple sequence alignment of PflA. Table S1. Supplementary strains and primers used in this study. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author PTC124 cost for the article. “
“Lipopolysaccharide is a major immunogenic structure for the pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which contains the O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) that BYL719 manufacturer is presented on the cell surface. The OPS contains many repeats of the oligosaccharide O-unit and

exhibits a preferred modal chain length that has been shown to be crucial for cell protection in Yersinia. It is well established that the Wzz protein determines the preferred chain length of the OPS, and in its absence, the polymerization of O units by the Wzy polymerase is uncontrolled. However, for Y. pseudotuberculosis, a wzz mutation has never been described. In this study, we examine the effect of Wzz loss in Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:2a and compare the lipopolysaccharide chain-length profile to that of Escherichia coli serotype O111. In the absence of Wzz, the lipopolysaccharides of the two species showed significant differences in Wzy polymerization. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:2a exhibited only OPS with very short chain lengths, which is atypical of wzz-mutant phenotypes that have been observed for other species. We hypothesise that the Wzy

polymerase of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:2a has a unique default activity in the absence of the Wzz, revealing the requirement of Wzz to drive O-unit polymerization to greater lengths. “
“Flavodoxin (Fld) is a bacterial electron-transfer protein Temsirolimus solubility dmso that possesses flavin mononucleotide as a prosthetic group. In the genomes of the Pseudomonas species, the mioC gene is the sole gene, annotated Fld, but its function remains unclear. In this study, phenotype microarray analysis was performed using the wild-type and mioC mutant of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Our results showed that the mioC mutant is very resistant to oxidative stress. Different antibiotics and metals worked differently on the sensitivity of the mutant. Other pleiotropic effects of mutation in the mioC gene, such as biofilm formation, aggregation ability, motility and colony morphology, were observed under iron stress conditions. Most of the phenotypic and physiological changes could be recovered in the wild type by complementation.