To measure the concentration of glutamine an internal standard in the form of 13C5 glu tamine was added and compared with a standard curve. All analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software. selleck chemical Ganetespib Comparisons between the basal and supplemented states were done by the Student t test for paired samples. A probability value of P 0. 05 was considered statisti cally significant. Results Due to failure to detect any glutamine tracer in one of the measurements in one patient, results are only reported for 11 12 patients. Plasma glutamine concentration at the baseline fed state was 454 141 umol L and at the end of the 20 h intravenous infusion of an exogenous glutamine containing dipeptide it had increased by 70% to 670 199 umol L.

All subjects studied showed an increase in the plasma glutamine concentration during the dipeptide infusion as compared to the baseline fed state. The experimental setup was to study the baseline fed state before treatment Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries in half the study group and treat ment before the baseline fed state in the remaining patients. No statistical differences in terms of plasma glu tamine concentration or glutamine Ra attributable to the order of the measurements was detect able. Therefore the two study protocols are not separated in the results. The glutamine Ra calculated from the decay curves of the isotopic labels, showed a 14% higher value during the last 1. 5 h of the glutamine containing dipeptide infusion as compared to the baseline fed state. This corresponded to a numerically higher value of glutamine Ra in 8 11 subjects investigated during the dipeptide infusion.

When Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the plasma concentrations of glutamine were correlated Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries to the glutamine Ra, no relationship was seen. The phenylalanine Ra did not show any difference related to the glutamine containing dipeptide infusion. With the assumptions made in the calculations, the whole body protein degrad ation then contributed approximately 25% of the Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries total glutamine Ra in both the baseline fed state and during the glutamine containing dipeptide infusion. That left the whole difference in glutamine Ra between the baseline fed state and the fed state with an exogenous glutamine containing dipeptide infusion to the de novo synthesis. The influence of the exogenously supplied glutamine in the enteral nutrition used was neglectable. Even with a 100% enteral nutrition of 1 kcal kg h the theoretical contribution from that source would be 0.

1 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries umol kg minute or 1. 5% of the calculated glutamine Ra. Therefore no corrections of the values have been made to compensate for the glutamine contained in the enteral nutrition given to some patients. Discussion For the first time, repetitive measurements http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Belinostat.html of glutamine Ra were performed in critically ill patients giving estimates of endogenous glutamine production.