There were also sex differences in cerebral blood flow correlations with performance. Women showed positive correlations of verbal memory performance with cerebral blood flow laterality in the temporal pole. Greater relative cerebral blood flow in the left temporal pole was associated with better Wechsler Memory Scale immediate and delayed recall in women only. These results suggest Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical that trait differences in temporal pole brain-behavior

relationships may relate to sex differences in verbal episodic memory. Studies with cerebral blood flow measures during the application of neurobehavioral probes have proliferated with the development of procedures for measuring blood flow changes using fMRI.17 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical These efforts have PF-02341066 order resulted in an accumulation of tasks that showed reliable activation pattern in specific brain systems. We have assembled such tasks and adapted them to be used for measuring individual differences in performance. The computerized format of these tests made them more efficient and accurate than the traditional neuropsychological batteries. The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB) was developed and validated in healthy individuals.18,19 It currently measures the domains of executive functioning, episodic memory, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensorimotor speed. Episodic memory is measured for words, faces, and shapes. To validate the original Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical CNB, we administered it along with a traditional battery to

a sample of 92 healthy individuals (44 men, 48 women) in a counterbalanced order. Both approaches showed a significant “sex-typical” gradient, with women

outperforming men in verbal memory relative to spatial tasks. Both methods also yielded similar Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical profiles of sex differences, with the additional computerized measure of face memory showing better performance in women.18 The CNB proved immensely useful in collecting largescale data Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical because the computerized format and the simplified response requirements necessitated by the neuroimaging environment resulted in ease and efficiency of administration. New tests were added to the domains and the battery Oxymatrine was standardized on large samples and applied in multisite clinical and genomic studies. The expanded version of the CNB included tests of episodic memory for words, faces, and shapes. The results in a normative sample replicated the sex differences in memory. As can be seen in Figure 2, females performed more accurately for word and face memory, but did not differ from males in shape memory. Notably, other sex differences including better performance for males on spatial and motor speed measures were replicated, buttressing the construct validity of the CNB. Figure 2. Mean (±SEM) of men (light blue bars) and women (dark blue bars) on the tests included in the battery. Note that no accuracy measures are available for the sensorimotor test because no errors were made and for the motor speed test because no errors …