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“Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) as part of bone cement is a widely used material in the context of orthopaedic implants and also in cranioplasty Although PMMA is characterised by excellent biocompatibility with low intrinsic toxicity and inflammatory activation a minor portion of patients develop allergic reactions We present the case of a 39-year-old woman with an increasing headache and a

corresponding erythema over the parieto-occipital cranioplasty which was performed 42 days prior using a PMMA compound A patch test specific for bone cement components confirmed the diagnosis of a PMMA delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction The prevalence of allergic reactions to bone cement components are known to vary from between 06% and 1 6% however no adequate, pre-interventional diagnostic tool is currently available Therefore physicians are required to consider this differential diagnosis

BEZ235 ic50 ATM/ATR signaling pathway even after an extremely delayed onset of symptoms This case describes the first ever-reported case in the literature of hypersensitivity to bone cement cranioplasty (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved”
“Over the last decades, agricultural land-use practices have been intensified throughout Europe. As a consequence of the resulting loss of habitat heterogeneity, numerous species associated with traditional farmland have undergone severe population declines. To mitigate the negative effects of intensive agriculture on farmland biodiversity, agri-environment schemes (AES) have been adopted in various European countries since the early 1990s. The effects of AES have been evaluated for different taxa, but rarely for larger mammals like the brown hare (Lepus europaeus), a characteristic species of traditional

open farmland.\n\nUsing spotlight counts from 58 brown hare monitoring study sites over 17 years, we analysed the effects of land-use and several agri-environment scheme options on brown hare density in the Swiss lowland. We used open-population binomial mixture models to jointly model abundance and detection probability, thereby accounting for imperfect detection of hares.\n\nMean observed counts of brown hares in Switzerland from 1992 to 2008 suggested a slight selleckchem decline followed by a recovery in arable study sites, whereas a sustained decline was apparent in grassland sites. Mean detection probability ranged widely from year to year (arable: 0.33-0.70: grassland: 0.21-0.80). When accounting for imperfect detection, a population recovery was apparent in both land-use types, although hare densities remained at low levels compared to other European countries.\n\nThe amount of extensively managed hay meadows seemed to have a positive effect on brown hare abundance both in arable and grassland sites.