one gel was treated as described above, the second and third part

one gel was treated as described above, the second and third parts were incubated for 20 min in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer containing either 2 mM KCN or 5 mM H2O2, respectively. Following incubation, gels were rinsed with DDI water and then stained for SOD activity. Background Pathogenesis related proteins SB203580 structure Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries are part of the plant defense responses that are induced by pathogens as well as by abiotic stresses. To date, 17 different families of PR proteins have been identified, based on their specific structural and functional properties and references therein]. Among the PR proteins, the PR10 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries family is com posed of intracellular acidic proteins with molecular masses ranging from 15 18 kD and are encoded by mul tiple genes.

PR10 genes were first described in Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Pisum sativum inoculated with Fusarium solani but have been subsequently Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries described in many species. In addition to their inducible expression in response to stresses, PR10 genes also exhibit constitutive high expressed levels in roots, flowers and pollen during nor mal growth and development, suggesting additional roles beyond pathogenesis responses. Based on sequence similarities, PR10 proteins have been suggested to be ribonucleases. Indeed, PR10 proteins from a variety of species including two pea PR10 proteins have been demonstrated to possess RNase activ ity. Although RNase activities have been detected for many PR10 proteins, they have also been shown to inter act with molecules such as cytokinins, brassinoster oids, fatty acids, and flavonoids .

These observations have led to the suggestion that all PR10 pro teins may not be RNases and may be involved during nor mal plant growth and development as hormone Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries ligand carriers. This suggestion is further supported by the fact that CK specific binding proteins exhibit amino acid sequence and predicted secondary structure similarities with PR10 proteins and, for this reason, have been included in the PR10 family. The pea abscisic acid responsive protein ABR17, induced by the exogenous application of abscisic acid is classified as a member of the PR10 family in pea. ABR17 is produced late in seed development, and is homologous to dehydrins and late embryogenesis abun dant related proteins. ABR17 is also signif icantly homologous to intracellular pathogenesis related proteins and major birch pollen allergen Betv1 pro teins.

Our previous research has demonstrated the expression of ABR17 protein in pea under salt stress and the RNase activity of two members of pea http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AP24534.html PR10 pro teins. Furthermore, we have also demonstrated that the constitutive expression of pea PR10. 1 and ABR17 cDNAs enhance germination and early seedling growth under abiotic stress conditions in B. napus and A. thaliana, respectively. In addition, the transgenic plants also exhibited phenotypic differences when compared to their WT counterparts, which included precocious flowering, a higher number of lateral branches, and increased numbers of seed pods.

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