In the present study, the effect of this lactate shuttling on peak blood lactate values remains an open question. However, the performance in the second 100 m swim following SB supplementation improved compared to PL, but co-supplementation with SB and BA did not confer any further significant benefit. Blood bicarbonate, base excess, sodium and potassium

Blood analyses confirmed that SB and SB with BA were successful in increasing blood bicarbonate concentration and base excess consistent with previous Navitoclax nmr studies of SB ingestion [43]. Both SB and SB with BA supplementations increased blood sodium as expected but blood potassium decreased. Earlier Sostaric et al. [30] reported that SB supplementation lowered circulating potassium and enhanced muscle potassium uptake, sodium delivery and chloride uptake with alkalosis.

These physiological changes are all consistent with preservation of membrane excitability during exercise [30]. This suggests that lesser Ruxolitinib cell line exercise-induced membrane depolarization may be an important mechanism underlying enhanced exercise performance with alkalosis. Thus alkalosis is associated with improved regulation of potassium, sodium, chloride and lactate. On the other hand, ingestion of BA significantly decreased blood sodium 8 min after the second swim compared with placebo, and tended to decrease at the other measurement points. Whereas potassium levels were very similar compared to placebo treatment. Consequently, ingestion of BA may affect membrane excitability differently during exercise compared with SB ingestion. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that there was a significant improvement in swimming time Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase during the second 100 m

swim trial following acute SB supplementation compared to PL, but the addition of chronic BA to acute SB did not provide any additional ergogenic benefit. Results indicate the efficacy of SB supplementation when performing maximal interval swimming lasting under 60 s but do not support any additional benefit of SB combined with BA. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Mr. Risto Puurtinen for carrying out all the blood sampling and analysis. Funding This study project was funded by University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biology of Physical Activity. References 1. Medbo JI, Sejersted OM: Acid base and electrolyte balance after exhausting exercise in endurance and sprint trained subjects. Acta Physiol Scand 1985, 125:97–109.PubMedCrossRef 2. Sutton JR, Jones NL, Toews CJ: Effect of pH on muscle glucolysis during exercise. Clin Sci 1981,61(3):331–338.PubMed 3. Fabiato A, Fabiato F: Effects of pH on the myofilaments and the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned cells from cardiac and skeletal muscles. J Physiol 1978, 75:233–238. 4. Gao J, Costill DL, Horswill CA, Park SH: Sodium bicarbonate ingestion improves performance in interval swimming. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988, 78:171–174.CrossRef 5.