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“During the past 3 decades, brown tides caused by the pelagophytes Aureococcus anophagefferens and Aureoumbra lagunensis have caused ecological and economic damage to coastal ecosystems across the globe. While blooms of A. lagunensis had previously been confined to Texas, in 2012, an expansive brown tide occurred on Florida’s East Coast, causing widespread disruption within the Indian River and Mosquito Lagoons and generating

renewed interest in this organism. A major impediment to detailed investigations of A. lagunensis in an ecosystem setting has been the absence of a rapid and reliable method for cell quantification. The combination of their small size (3 to 5 mu m) and nondescript extracellular features makes identification and enumeration of these cells with conventional methods a challenge. Here we report the development of an immunological-based flow cytometry

method that uses a fluorescently labeled antibody developed against A. lagunensis. PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 solubility dmso This method is species specific, sensitive (detection limit of 1.5 X 10(3) cells ml(-1)), precise (1% relative standard deviation of replicated samples), and accurate (108% +/- 8% recovery of spiked samples) over a wide range of cell concentrations. Furthermore, this method effectively quantifies A. lagunensis in both glutaraldehyde-and formalin-preserved samples, yields a high throughput selleck compound of samples (similar to 35 samples h(-1)), and is cost-effective, check details making it an ideal tool for managers and scientists. This method successfully documented the recurrence of a brown tide bloom in Florida in 2013. Bloom densities were highest in June ( bigger than 2.0 x 10(6) cells ml(-1))

and spanned bigger than 60 km from the Ponce de Leon inlet in the northern Mosquito Lagoon south to Titusville in the Indian River Lagoon. Low levels of A. lagunensis cells were found bigger than 250 km south of this region. This method also quickly and accurately identified A. lagunensis as the causative agent of a 2013 brown tide bloom in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and thus should prove useful for both quantifying the dynamics of ongoing blooms of A. lagunensis as well as documenting new outbreaks of this harmful alga.”
“Dendritic cells (DCs) develop in the bone marrow from haematopoietic progenitor cells. Two subsets, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myeloid DCs (mDCs), have been identified. Little is known regarding DC levels in bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) before and after chemotherapy. We investigated relative pDC and mDC levels in bone marrow from 37 hospital controls and 60 patients with AML [at diagnosis, complete remission (CR) and follow-up] using four-colour flow cytometry. The pDC immunophenotype was characterized as lin-/HLA-DR+/CD123+ and mDC as lin-/HLA-DR+/CD11c+. In 69% of patients with AML, no DCs were detected at diagnosis. At CR, mDC levels were the same in patients with AML and hospital controls while pDC levels were slightly lower.