CrossRefPubMed GS-9973 53. Pan TM, Liu YJ: Identification of Salmonella enteritidis isolates by polymerase chain reaction and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2002,35(3):147–151.PubMed 54. Pathmanathan SG, Cardona-Castro N, Sanchez-Jimenez MM, Correa-Ochoa MM, Puthucheary SD, Thong KL: Simple and rapid detection of Salmonella strains by direct PCR amplification of the hilA gene. J Med Microbiol 2003,52(Pt 9):773–776.CrossRefPubMed Authors’ contributions AVH participated in the assay design, sample preparation, real-time PCR experimental procedures,

the analysis and interpretation of the results and drafted the manuscript. VLD carried out sample preparation, real-time experimental procedures, analysis and interpretation of results and drafted the manuscript. MAE carried out the bacterial culturing and serotyping techniques,

sample selection, bacterial pellets isolation and helped with the manuscript preparation. CKK participated in sample selection and donated samples for this study. LGK conceived and designed the assay, coordinated the study and participated in sample selection and analysis and interpretation of results. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligate, intracellular, tick-borne bacterium that belongs to the family Anaplasmataceae, is responsible for an emerging disease in humans called human monocytic

ehrlichiosis (HME) [1, 2]. The transmitting selleck kinase inhibitor vector of E. chaffeensis, Amblyomma americanum, acquires many the pathogen during a blood meal from an infected host [2]. Host cell adaptation and establishment of persistent infection in tick and vertebrate hosts are critical for successful completion of the E. Selleck ACP-196 chaffeensis lifecycle and, similarly, for other tick-transmitted rickettsiales of the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma [3–7]. It is necessary for the tick-transmitted pathogens to have evolved strategies that support host cell adaptation and to establish persistent infections. There may be many ways by which the pathogens persist; strategies may include altering the host response [8, 9], varying expressed proteins relative to time post-infection and differential host-specific protein expression [10–19]. Recently, we reported that Ehrlichia species alter the expression of many proteins in a host cell-specific manner [18–21]. Differentially expressed proteins include outer membrane proteins made from p28-Omp multigene locus having 22 tandomly arranged paralogous genes of E. chaffeensis [18–20]. The major expression from this locus is limited to a subset of genes and is also influenced by vertebrate and tick cell environment. P28-Omp 14 protein is the major expressed protein when E. chaffeensis is grown in tick cells, whereas p28-Omp 19 is expressed predominantly by the organism in macrophages.