Am J Epidemiol 2008, 167:759–774.PubMedCrossRef 34. Adly L, Hill D, Sherman ME, Sturgeon

SR, Fears T, Mies C, Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Schairer Talazoparib in vivo C: Serum concentrations of estrogens, sex hormone-binding globulin, and androgens and risk of learn more breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Int J Cancer 2006, 119:2402–2407.PubMedCrossRef 35. Micheli A, Muti P, Secreto G, Krogh V, Meneghini E, Venturelli E, Sieri S, Pala V, Berrino F: Endogenous sex hormones and subsequent breast cancer in premenopausal women. Int J Cancer 2004, 112:312–318.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions JSL is responsible for editorial correspondence and has contributed to the conception and design of the study, the analysis and interpretation of data, the revision of the article as well as final approval of the version to be

submitted. YWJ and LHZ participated in the design of the study, performed the statistical analysis, searched and selected the trials, drafted and revised the article. TTY participated in the design of the study and helped to revise the article. ZZS conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination. ZMS conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.”
“Background A clinical report published in 1999, the RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) 85-01 trial involving selleck chemicals llc 134 patients with T1-3, N0-1 and M0 esophageal cancer, is of great interest in terms of clinical outcome because it demonstrated a 5-year survival rate of 26% [1]. This treatment consists of infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP), and concurrent radiation, without aminophylline pre- or post-surgical resection. Simultaneously in Japan, a modified version

was proposed by Ohtsu and his co-workers for advanced metastatic esophageal cancer [2, 3]. Two independent clinical investigations have shown curative potential using this regimen for unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) of T4 or M1a [2, 3]. A long-term evaluation of efficacy and toxicity with 139 patients revealed a complete response (CR) rate of 56%, along with a 5-year survival rate of 29% [4, 5]. Currently, definitive 5-FU/CDDP-based chemoradiotherapy is recognized as one of the most promising treatments for esophageal cancer [6]. A series of studies performed to find a marker predictive of clinical outcome after treatment with a definitive 5-FU/CDDP-based chemoradiotherapy found a genetic polymorphism, G-1154A, of vascular endothelial growth factor to be a predictor of severe acute leukopenia and cheilitis, and the plasma concentration of 5-FU to be predictive of clinical response [7–9]. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.