8 and 9 We herein, present the clinical course and the changes in

8 and 9 We herein, present the clinical course and the changes in

the level of cytokine expression with the time course in patient with cigarette smoking-induced AEP which showed a spontaneous improvement after the cessation of cigarette smoking. A 19-year old female was admitted to our hospital because of a sudden onset fever and cough. She had developed the cough, fever and progression of dyspnea two days before admission. Antibiotic treatment prior to hospitalization was not effective for the clinical symptoms. She had started to smoke 20 cigarettes per day two weeks before the admission. She had a history of pollinosis, but no previous history of bronchial asthma. On admission, her temperature

www.selleckchem.com/products/Trichostatin-A.html was 39.4 °C. Auscultation revealed wheeze in the bilateral lung fields. An arterial blood gas analysis on room air revealed a pH of 7.434, PaO2 of 58.1 torr and PaCO2 of 34.2 torr, indicating hypoxemia. A chest radiograph revealed diffuse bilateral infiltrates and pleural effusion in the right lung, as shown in Fig. 1. The patient’s peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count was 18,600 cells/mm3, with 84.4% neutrophils, 11.8% lymphocytes and 1.0% eosinophils. The serum C-reactive protein was 11.5 mg/dl. Her serum immunoglobulins (Ig) were: IgG, 1048 mg/dl; IgA, 166.0 mg/dl; IgM, 199.0; IgE, 196.8 U/ml. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from right B5 area on the third hospital day. The total cell count in the BALF was 98.0 × 104/ml, which contained Tanespimycin in vivo 5.6% neutrophils, 12.0% lymphocytes and 66.6% eosinophils. The CD4/CD8 lymphocytes ratio in the BALF was 1.26. Cultures stiripentol of the BALF proved negative for bacteria and fungi. A specimen obtained from transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) demonstrated eosinophilic infiltration with fibrin exudates into the air space and edematous alveolar walls, indicating eosinophilic pneumonia. On the fourth hospital day, her chest radiograph and symptoms had remarkably improved without corticosteroid treatment. Her hypoxemia had been gradually improving,

and her SpO2 was 97% under room air on the forth hospital day. The peripheral eosinophil count, which had been 186 cells/mm3 on admission, increased gradually to 1400 cells/mm3 on the seventh hospital day. Although the eosinophilia was prolonged over 1 month, the peripheral eosinophil count decreased to 504 cells/mm3 2 months after the development of AEP. The peripheral lymphocyte count also increased from 2195 cells/mm3 on admission to 3367 cells/mm3 on the seventh hospital day, and decreased to 2720 cells/mm3 2 months after the development of AEP. Therefore, the peripheral eosinophil count appeared to fluctuate in parallel with the peripheral lymphocyte count (Fig. 2). The patient was discharged on the 13th hospital day. She quit smoking and has not resumed.

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