005 and P < 0.0001 respectively) and matched control donors (P = 0.018 and NCT-501 mw P = 0.004 respectively). In contrast, MAC-1 expression (Figure 3) and the percentage HLA-DR positive

monocytes (Figure 4) did not demonstrate a difference between multitrauma patients and patients with isolated femur fractures. The percentage HLA_DR positive monocytes was decreased in all patients, compared to matched control donors (P = 0.002). There was no significant correlation between plasma IL-6 levels and cellular markers, indicating that the measured markers GM6001 in vitro identify different aspects of the systemic inflammatory response. Figure 1 Plasma IL-6 levels. Multitrauma patients demonstrated increased levels of plasma IL-6 compared to patients with isolated femur fracture (P = 0.018) or matched controls (P = 0.005). Pre-operative IL-6 levels (“”black square”") were significantly increased in patients who developed respiratory failure (P < 0.001). Eighteen hours after intramedullary nailing (""open triangle""), plasma IL-6 levels were significantly increased in patients with isolated femur fractures (P = 0.030), but not in multitrauma patients (P = 0.515), which could be due to insufficient power. Figure 2 PMN fMLP induced FcyRII expression. Multitrauma patients demonstrated decreased expression of fMLP induced FcyRII on PMNs compared to patients with isolated

femur fracture (P = 0.004) or matched www.selleckchem.com/products/ferrostatin-1-fer-1.html controls (P < 0.001). Pre-operative fMLP induced FcyRII* (""black square"") was more decreased in patients who developed

ARDS (P < 0.001). Eighteen hours after intramedullary nailing (""open triangle""),fMLP Lck induced FcyRII* did not change compared to pre-operatively. Figure 3 PMN MAC-1 expression. No statistical significant increased MAC-1 expression was seen in multitrauma patients. In addition, no increased pre-operative expression (“”black square”") was demonstrated in patients who developed respiratory failure and no difference was seen 18 hours after intramedullary nailing (“”open triangle”"). Figure 4 HLA-DR positive monocytes. The percentage HLA-DR positive monocytes was decreased in all patients compared to controls (P = 0.002). The pre-operative (“”black square”") lowest percentage was seen in patients who developed respiratory failure (P = 0.002). Eighteen hours after intramedullary nailing (“”open triangle”"), a further decrease in HLA-DR positive monocytes was seen in patients with isolated femur fracture (P < 0.001) and multitrauma patients (P = 0.047). Symptoms Of Systemic Inflammation During Follow-Up Seven patients developed respiratory failure and fulfilled the ALI/ARDS criteria, whereas 17 patients only fulfilled the SIRS criteria during the 48 hours after IMN. Pre-operative IL-6 levels were significantly increased in patients who developed respiratory failure (P < 0.001).