Cumulative studies suggest that the mediodorsal selleck kinase inhibitor thalamic nucleus (MD) is involved in limbic seizure activity. This study aims to investigate whether DBS of the MD can protect against seizures induced by arnygdaloid kindling. We studied the effect of low-frequency stimulation (LFS, 1 Hz) or high-frequency stimulation (HFS, 100 Hz) in the MD on amygdaloid kindling seizures. During the kindling acquisition, DBS in the MD was daily administered immediately
after the kindling stimulus or before the kindling stimulus (preemptive DBS). The effects of both post-treatment of DBS and preemptive DBS in the MD on the expression of amygdaloid kindling seizures were evaluated. We found the DBS or preemptive DBS in the MD, either LFS or HFS, did not significantly change the rate of amygdaloid kindling. Similarly, DBS or preemptive DBS in the MD did not significantly change any parameters representing the expression of amygdaloid kindling. Our study suggests that DBS in
the MD may have no significant effect on limbic seizures. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Despite the widespread application of endoscopic therapy and the debate learn more surrounding the use of prophylactic antibiotics to treat children with vesicoureteral reflux, many pediatric urologists still favor medical management. Breakthrough infection is one of the absolute indications for surgery. Data to predict breakthrough infection are warranted to manage
cases of primary reflux.
Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of 72 girls and 138 boys (mean +/- SD age at diagnosis 2.66 +/- 3.23 years) with primary vesicoureteral reflux who were followed with antibiotic prophylaxis at Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center. We examined multiple before factors by univariate/multivariate analysis to elucidate risk factors for breakthrough infection.
Results: Breakthrough infection developed in 59 children (28%). On univariate analysis higher reflux grade (p < 0.05) and abnormal renal scan determined by (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with breakthrough infection. On multivariate analysis abnormal renal scan was an independent risk factor for breakthrough infection (OR 11.08, 95% CI 0.76-1.72, p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Abnormal renal scan is an independent risk factor for breakthrough infection. Parents and physicians should remain aware that these patients are at high risk for breakthrough infection, which potentially could lead to renal damage.”
“Neuropathic pain models are classified as central and peripheral pain models. Although various peripheral neuropathic pain models are established, central pain models are based only on spinal cord injury. DSP-4 is a competitive inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake that selectively degenerates the locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic neurons projection to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.