The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (29%), bowel habit change (26%) and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (26%). Decreased stool frequency was the predominating symptom in 19 cases (6%). Other pathological parameters and their association with survival are presented in Table1. The average waiting time from the first hospital visit to the operation was 35 days. Table 1 Selected demographic and medical parameters and their association with 5-year overall survival (OS) and modes of surgery Survival probability Emergency
surgery Parameter No. (cases) (%) 5-year OS (%) Log-rank find more p-value (cases) (%) p-value All 329 64.1 – 22 (7) – Sex CX 5461 0.5 0.73 male 191 (58) 62.4 12 (6) female 138 (42) LGX818 ic50 66.5 10 (7) Age 0.51 0.35 < 60 years 136 (41) 66.7 7 (5) ≥ 60 years 193 (59) 62.3 15 (8) Co-morbidity 0.71 0.97 Absent 193 (59) 65.5 13 (7) Present 136 (41) 61.7 9 (7) Serum CEA < 0.01 0.32 < 5 ng/ml 144 (59) 71.1 8 (6) ≥ 5 ng/ml
102 (41) 54.8 9 (9) Tumor site 0.32 0.79 Rectum 94 (29) 56.8 5 (5) Colon 223 (68) 66.8 16 (7) T 0.02 0.18 T0-2 47 (14) 75.9 1 (2) T3-4 282 (86) 62 22 (8) N < 0.01 0.34 N0 171 (53) 78.7 9 (5) N1-2 152 (47) 49.4 12 (8) M < 0.01 0.02 M0 281 (85) 72.1 15 (5) M1 48 (15) 18.5 7 (15) Tumor differentiation 0.16 0.77 Well/Moderate 279 (92) 64.9 18 (7) Poor 25 (8) 58.6 2 (8) Lymphovascular invasion < 0.01 0.12 Absent 276 (84) 69 16 (6) Present 51 (16) 35.3 6 (12) Lymph node ratio < 0.01 0.53 < 0.35 273 (86) 72.7 17 (6) ≥ 0.35 46 (14) 23.6 4 (9) Endoscopic obstruction 0.73 < 0.01 Absent 120 (37) 67.2 2(2) Present 209 (64) 62.3 20 (10) Mode of operation < 0.01 - Elective 307 (93) 66.4 - Emergency 22 (7) 32.3 - CEA carcinoembryonic antigen. Endoscopic
obstruction and factors associated with this finding On colonoscopy, the endoscope could not be passed beyond the tumor mass in 209 cases (63%). Clinical symptoms suggestive of early obstruction including decreased stool frequency or change in bowel habit were not significantly correlated with eOB (p-values 0.64 and 0.45, respectively). Although a primary tumor situated at the right colon had a significantly lower incidence of predominating obstructive symptoms (1%) than a left-sided cAMP CRC (8%) (p-value 0.02), the right-sided tumors had a higher incidence of eOB (72%) when compared to those on the left (60%, p-value 0.047). Colonic tumors had a higher incidence of eOB (70%) than rectal tumors (50%) (p-value < 0.01). Considering tumor size, CRC with eOB had a significantly larger size (5.9 cm compared with 5.2 cm, p-value < 0.01) and a higher frequency of T3-4 lesions (91% compared to 75%, p-value < 0.01). Also, eOBs were associated with lower serum albumin level (3.7 g/dl, compared to 3.9 g/dl, p-value 0.04) and lower hemoglobin level (10.5 g/dl, compared to 11.2 g/dl, p-value < 0.01) (Table 2).