RBM is closely associated with an “evaluation culture”, which aim

RBM is closely associated with an “evaluation culture”, which aims at developing

robust governance systems through orientation towards the achievement of identified objectives in a transparent process. It is also strongly related to what Michael Power has identified as ‘the Audit Society’ [7]. RBM – also often known as ‘Objective Based Management’ and ‘performance management’ – has been extensively used as an instrument to reform administration processes in major intergovernmental organizations such as the UN, the OECD and the World Bank. In addition RBM related strategies have been deployed to reform a range of national administrations and regional governments

[3], [8], [9] and [10]. RBM has also been applied within regional forestry management [11] and [12] and national aid programs. “”broad management strategy aimed EX 527 ic50 at achieving important changes in the way government agencies operate, with improving performance (achieving better results) as the central orientation”" [5]. Seen in isolation, this definition, like the similar definition endorsed by the OECD,a neither captures what RBM is, nor what sets it apart from other management strategies. For instance, one may ask if not all management strategies are orientated towards improving performance and achieving better results in some sense. To get a better grip on what RBM is in the context of the UN and the OECD, one must go beyond their definitions and turn to their conceptual frameworks Fluorouracil and practical guidelines for implementing RBM [13] and [14]. In 2004, the UN’s Joint Inspection Unit reviewed experiences from the process of reforming UN agencies based on RBM. This review offered a list of “key RBM techniques“, indicating what RBM is, and how it

may be practised [15]b: • Formulating objectives (results). As this suggests, RBM is a goal-oriented management strategy that systematically uses evaluations to improve performance in a learning process. The standard against which RBM takes on meaning is the command-and-control Cyclooxygenase (COX) chain, as portrayed in Weber’s model of the perfect bureaucracy [16]. In such a system, the organizational apex in principle should know and be responsible for everything that goes on at subordinate levels. The RBM model departs explicitly from that and is built on the principle of coordinating activities in relatively autonomous sub-units, dispensing with detailed central direction and control. Under this principle, the activities of individual sub-units are instead orchestrated towards the common goals through information management and incentive systems.

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