63% vs 66.67%, p = 0.0154). The rate of post-lithotripsy secondary procedures was equivalent (p = 0.2079). The difference was insignificant for harder stones (p = 0.2988).

Conclusions: Shock wave lithotripsy is equally effective using Medstone STS and Modulith SLX for different stone sizes and most stone sites. Shock wave lithotripsy is more successful for lower ureteral stones using the Medstone STS. To our knowledge this is the first study comparing these 2 commonly used lithotripters.”
“Short-term memory binding of visual features which are processed across

different dimensions (shape-colour) is impaired in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, familial Alzheimer’s disease, and in Z-IETD-FMK in vivo asymptomatic carriers of familial Alzheimer’s disease. This study investigated whether Alzheimer’s disease also impacts on within-dimension binding processes. The study specifically explored whether visual short-term memory binding of features of the same type (colour-colour) is sensitive to Alzheimer’s disease. We used a neuropsychological battery and a short-term memory binding task to assess patients with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (Experiment 1), familial Alzheimer’s disease (Experiment 2) due to the mutation E280A of the Presenilin-1 gene and asymptomatic carriers of the mutation. The binding task assessed change detection

Pitavastatin molecular weight within arrays of unicoloured objects (Colour Only) or bicoloured objects the colours of which had to be remembered separately (Unbound Colours) or together (Bound Colours). Performance on the Bound Colours condition (1) explained the largest proportion of variance between patients (sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease), (2) combined more sensitivity and specificity for the disease than other more traditional neuropsychological tasks, (3) identified asymptomatic carriers of the mutation even when traditional neuropsychological measures and other measures of short-term memory did not and, (4) contrary to shape-colour binding, Celastrol correlated with measures of hippocampal functions. Colour-colour binding and shape-colour binding both appear to be sensitive to AD even though they seem to rely on different

brain mechanisms. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Increasing trial evidence suggests that a course of medical expulsive therapy is warranted for patients with ureteral stones who are amenable to conservative treatment, and that this efficacious process of care is underused. To better understand the barriers to the dissemination of medical expulsive therapy we analyzed health care claims of working age adults with urinary stone disease.

Materials and Methods: Using MarketScan (R) data (2002 to 2006) we identified patients with urinary stone disease who were treated in the emergency department. We characterized differences between patients who were prescribed medical expulsive therapy and those who were not.