53; 95% CI, 0 41–0 68) [49] The incidence of vertebral fractures

53; 95% CI, 0.41–0.68) [49]. The incidence of vertebral fractures with clinical symptoms was similarly reduced (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28–0.75). There was no reduction in the overall risk of nonvertebral fractures (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63–1.01), but hip fracture incidence was also reduced (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.23–0.99) as was wrist fracture risk (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31–0.87) [49]. Estimation of the effect on hip fracture was not precise and the CI SAHA HDAC in vivo correspondingly wide, reflecting that the number of fractures (33 in total) was

small. The antifracture efficacy of alendronate was also demonstrated in 4,432 women with low bone mass but without vertebral fractures at baseline treated for 4 years (5 mg daily during the first 2 years, then 10 mg daily). The reduction in the incidence this website of radiological vertebral fractures was 44% (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39–0.80). However, the reduction in clinical fractures was not statistically significant in the whole group but well among women with initial T-scores below −2.5 at the femoral neck (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50–0.82). No

reduction was observed in the Capmatinib concentration risk of nonvertebral fractures (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74–1.04) [50]. The effect of alendronate on nonvertebral fractures has been best estimated in a meta-analysis of five placebo-controlled trials of at least 2 years duration including postmenopausal women with a T-score < −2.0. The estimated cumulative incidence of nonvertebral fractures after 3 years was 12.6% in the placebo group and 9.0% in the

alendronate group (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.502–0.997) [51]. Another meta-analysis estimated that alendronate reduced vertebral fracture incidence by 48% when given at 5 mg daily or more (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43–0.65) and nonvertebral fracture rate by 49% when given at 10 mg daily or more (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.38–0.69) [52]. However, data from one of the largest trials with alendronate [53] were excluded from this meta-analysis [52]. Data on BMD and biochemical markers of bone remodeling have been reported from patients discontinuing alendronate treatment after BCKDHA 3 to 5 years or continuing for 10 years [53, 54]. As primary outcome, women who discontinued alendronate showed, after 5 years, a 3.7% (95% CI, 3–4.5) and 2.4% (95% CI, 1.8–2.9) decline in lumbar and hip BMD, respectively, as compared with patients continuing alendronate [54]. Similarly, biochemical markers gradually increased over 5 years in patients discontinuing alendronate (55.6% for serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (sCTX) and 59.5% for N-propeptide of type 1 collagen). There was no evidence that discontinuation of alendronate for up to 5 years increases fracture risk, but the optimal duration of treatment remains unknown, although these data provide evidence for 10 years safety of alendronate therapy.

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