In fact, in the present study the morphological characteristics d

In fact, in the present study the morphological characteristics described for selleck products different macrophage differentiation times indicated the presence of granulocytes was very low (<5%). Additionally, the results related to morphologic analysis, phagocytosis, microbicidal

activity, enzymatic NAG and MPO activity, and the previous reports in the literature confirm that the ideal culture condition of canine monocyte differentiation into macrophages is obtained after 5 days of in vitro monocyte incubation. The canine immune system has several peculiarities, especially in relation to the number of circulating granulocytes in the blood stream. Neutrophils present high expression of the CD4+ molecule (Williams, 1997), and this feature interferes with the purification of CD4+ T cells with high purity using typical methods of separation. Thus, using peripheral blood samples and performing CD4+ T-cell separation, increased contamination by canine neutrophils cannot be avoided. The best alternative for establishing a purification system was to carry it out on the fifth day of monocyte differentiation, when lower levels of granulocytes are present. This strategy allowed an increased performance of CD4+ or CD8+ purity level (≥90%) using

magnetic KU-55933 concentration column methodology (Fig. 6). The data presented here describe the ideal conditions for in vitro differentiation of monocytes, derived from canine peripheral blood, into macrophages. Based on our data presented here, we concluded that monocytes differentiate into macrophages over the course of 5 days and displayed an intermediate frequency of parasitism and parasite load 72 h after L. chagasi infection. At this time, the inclusion of purified CD4 and/or CD8 T cells in infected macrophages culture would be useful for analyzing the impact of modulation in in vitro parasitism. Furthermore, the purification system using canine T-lymphocyte subsets after 5 days Florfenicol of monocyte differentiation

proved to be efficient for obtaining cultures permitting high CD4 or CD8 T-cell purity (≥90%). Thus, the use of co-culture systems employing canine monocytes differentiated into macrophages and purified CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells may contribute to the analysis of the adaptive immune response in dogs. This methodology could be incorporated in vaccine and treatment studies against CVL that aim to analyze the microbicidal potential induced by specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells. The authors are grateful for the use of the facilities at CEBIO, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and Rede Mineira de Bioterismo (FAPEMIG). This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil (grant: CBB-APQ-02473-10; CBB-APQ-00356-10-PPSUS; CBB-APQ-01052-11; APQ-01698-12), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico- CNPq, Brazil (grant: 403485/2008-8 – PAPES V/FIOCRUZ; 473234/2010-6; 560943/2010-5; 310129/2011-7; 482249/2012-9) and CAPES.

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