“
“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a worldwide devastating disease of wheat, caused primarily by species in the Fusarium graminearum (Fg) complex. In this study, we obtained 55 Fusarium isolates from wheat with find more FHB collected from seven provinces along the

north of the Yangtze River. One additional phylogenetic species of Fg complex, Fusarium meridionale, was identified for the first time from China in addition to two known ones, Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum. In addition, Fusarium acuminatum, distantly related to Fg complex, was for the first time identified in Northern China. Sensitivities of these isolates to carbendazim were examined and appeared to vary both within and between species. Mycotoxin genotype analyses indicated that F. asiaticum isolates were potential 3-AcDON and NIV mycotoxin producers, while all F. graminearum isolates might be 15-AcDON producers.

These findings would provide useful information for developing management strategies for the control of FHB in Northern China. “
“The virus in naturally infected, stunted triticale plants was identified as soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV). The infected plants were collected in the Southern Wielkopolska region (Western Poland). Molecular analysis including RT-PCR, and sequencing of the complete coding sequence of coat protein gene, was performed. The sequence of the Polish isolate of SBWMV (SBWMV-Pol1) shared 100, 99 and 98% identities with the corresponding regions of De1 (AF519799), OKL-1 (X81639) and US-Nebraska (L07938) selleck isolates of SBWMV, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Polish isolate, SBWMV-Pol1, clustered together with other SBWMV isolates. This is the first report of the occurrence of SBWMV in Poland and the second of its presence in Europe. “
“Plum plants (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh) with small and rolled leaves resembling symptoms of phytoplasma infection were observed during 2008 and 2009

in the ornamental garden of Northwest A&F University (Republic of China). Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a combination of phytoplasma-specific universal primer pairs (R16F2m/R16R1m-R16F2n/R16R2) 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 amplified 16S rDNA with the expected size (1.2 kb) from all samples of symptomatic plum plants. Sequencing results and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 1248 bp R16F2n/R16R2 products showed that the phytoplasma belongs to group 16SrV. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the phytoplasma had a close relation to JWB phytoplasma. This is, we believe, the first report of elm yellows phytoplasma infecting plum plants in China. “
“Chlamydospores of Phytophthora ramorum were used to infest field soil at densities ranging from 0.2 to 42 chlamydospores/cm3 soil. Recovery was determined by baiting with rhododendron leaf discs and dilution plating at time 0 and after 30 days of storage at 4°C, as recommended by USDA-APHIS.